{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T03:19:20Z","timestamp":1787195960571,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>K.<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\n                    <jats:italic>pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a major antimicrobial-resistant pathogen of global concern. It has increasingly been reported outside clinical settings, including food products. However, genomic data on food-derived\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Egypt remain limited. In this study, we investigated the genomic diversity, antimicrobial susceptibility, and phylogenetic relationships of\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolated from ready-for-consumption foods obtained from Egyptian supermarkets. Eleven isolates were recovered from dairy products (milk and yogurt) and catfish. Isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and confirmed by whole genome sequencing (WGS). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed against a panel of clinically relevant antibiotics. Genomic analyses included multilocus sequence typing (MLST), detection of resistance and virulence associated genes, and SNP based phylogenetic reconstruction. The SNP-based phylogenetic analysis was performed using an additional 77 publicly available Egyptian clinical isolates. Most isolates displayed a predominantly susceptible antimicrobial phenotype. Resistance was largely restricted to piperacillin. All genomes carried intrinsic resistance determinants, including multiple\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    SHV alleles and\n                    <jats:italic>fos<\/jats:italic>\n                    A variants. These did not correlate with phenotypic resistance to cephalosporins or fosfomycin. MLST revealed heterogeneous lineages, including clinically relevant sequence types ST37 and ST105, as well as a novel sequence type. Phylogenetic analysis showed that some food-derived isolates clustered closely with the genomes of Egyptian clinical isolates. Others formed genetically distinct lineages, indicating diverse origins within the food chain. These findings show that ready-to-eat foods in Egypt can harbor genetically diverse\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains. Some populations include lineages related to clinical strains, despite limited phenotypic resistance. The study highlights the importance of integrating phenotypic antimicrobial testing with WGS based surveillance. Such integration can better assess the public health significance of foodborne\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    within a One Health framework.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1788677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T05:42:03Z","timestamp":1776231723000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Whole-genome sequencing-based characterization of resistome and virulome in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from ready-to-eat foods"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Nuha","family":"Anajirih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Emergency Services, Faculty of Health Sciences in Al-Qunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University","place":["Makkah, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sulaiman A.","family":"Anagreyyah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, King Fahad Armed Hospital","place":["Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanka","family":"Brangsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut","place":["Jena, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawky","family":"Moustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University","place":["Toukh, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalia F.","family":"Khater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tanta Laboratory, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center","place":["Tanta, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed S.","family":"Gesraha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre","place":["Giza, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amira M.","family":"Rizk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University","place":["Toukh, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinrich","family":"Neubauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut","place":["Jena, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gamal","family":"Wareth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut","place":["Jena, Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University","place":["Toukh, Egypt"]},{"name":"Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital","place":["Jena, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0238747","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238747","article-title":"Characterization of \u03b2-lactam resistance in K. pneumoniae associated with ready-to-eat processed meat in Egypt.","volume":"15","author":"Abdel-Rhman","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.66585\/ohmi.2025.1.0005","article-title":"Commentary on: Molecular epidemiological exploration of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Africa from a one health perspective.","volume":"1","author":"Akinyemi","year":"2025","journal-title":"One Health Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.66585\/ohmi.2025.1.0002","article-title":"Molecular epidemiological exploration of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Africa from one health perspective: A systematic review.","volume":"1","author":"Alhaji","year":"2025","journal-title":"One Health Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"B4","unstructured":"Andrews\n              S.\n            \n          \n          FastQC: A Quality Control Tool for High Throughput Sequence Data: Babraham Bioinformatics.\n          \n          2010"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-03798-8","article-title":"From soil to surface water: Exploring Klebsiella\u2019s clonal lineages and antibiotic resistance odyssey in environmental health.","volume":"25","author":"Ara\u00fajo","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000093","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000093","article-title":"Microreact: Visualizing and sharing data for genomic epidemiology and phylogeography.","volume":"2","author":"Argim\u00f3n","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microb. Genom."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microb.2025.100333","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae: A growing threat in the era of antimicrobial resistance.","volume":"7","author":"Asokan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbe"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021","article-title":"SPAdes: A new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing.","volume":"19","author":"Bankevich","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Comput. Biol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13040426","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of aquatic-borne Klebsiella pneumoniae from tropical estuaries in Malaysia.","volume":"13","author":"Barati","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108497","article-title":"Mega-plasmid found worldwide confers multiple antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella infantis of broiler origin in Russia.","volume":"319","author":"Bogomazova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.4.933-951.2001","article-title":"Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in the 21st century: Characterization, epidemiology, and detection of this important resistance threat.","volume":"14","author":"Bradford","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01009-09","article-title":"Updated functional classification of beta-lactamases.","volume":"54","author":"Bush","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4399","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02555-14","article-title":"In vivo evolution to colistin resistance by PmrB sensor kinase mutation in KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae is associated with low-dosage colistin treatment.","volume":"58","author":"Cannatelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2020.09.015","article-title":"Genomic insights of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from a native Amazonian fish reveal wide resistome against heavy metals, disinfectants, and clinically relevant antibiotics.","volume":"112","author":"Cerdeira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D325","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki008","article-title":"VFDB: A reference database for bacterial virulence factors.","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12020133","article-title":"Microbiological hazards in the food chain of fish and products, a focus on Klebsiella spp.","volume":"12","author":"Cort\u00e9s-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet. Sci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10050373","article-title":"Emergence of colistin and carbapenem resistance in extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from chickens and humans in Egypt.","volume":"10","author":"Elmonir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2022.1191-1196","article-title":"Extended-spectrum-beta-lactamases and carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from fresh produce farms in different governorates of Egypt.","volume":"15","author":"Elshafiee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00483-19","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00483-19","article-title":"Validating the AMRFinder tool and resistance gene database by using antimicrobial resistance genotype-phenotype correlations in a collection of isolates.","volume":"63","author":"Feldgarden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt086","article-title":"QUAST: Quality assessment tool for genome assemblies.","volume":"29","author":"Gurevich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00473-0","article-title":"Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance.","volume":"387","author":"Holmes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3574","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1501049112","article-title":"Genomic analysis of diversity, population structure, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae, an urgent threat to public health.","volume":"112","author":"Holt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2020.2847","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae: Prevalence, reservoirs, antimicrobial resistance, pathogenicity, and infection: A hitherto unrecognized zoonotic bacterium.","volume":"18","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog. Dis."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D566","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw1004","article-title":"CARD 2017: Expansion and model-centric curation of the comprehensive antibiotic resistance database.","volume":"45","author":"Jia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3396","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00285-06","article-title":"High-level carbapenem resistance in a Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolate is due to the combination of bla(ACT-1) beta-lactamase production, porin OmpK35\/36 insertional inactivation, and down-regulation of the phosphate transport porin phoe.","volume":"50","author":"Kaczmarek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-021-05533-8","article-title":"Detection of harmful foodborne pathogens in food samples at the points of sale by MALDT-TOF MS in Egypt.","volume":"14","author":"Khater","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10050573","article-title":"Genome-based analysis of Klebsiella spp. isolates from animals and food products in Germany, 2013-2017.","volume":"10","author":"Klaper","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e05898","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2019.5898","article-title":"Whole genome sequencing and metagenomics for outbreak investigation, source attribution and risk assessment of food-borne microorganisms.","volume":"17","author":"Koutsoumanis","year":"2019","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2703","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05114-7","article-title":"Population genomics of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae clonal-group 23 reveals early emergence and rapid global dissemination.","volume":"9","author":"Lam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"000778","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000778","article-title":"Genomic and antigenic diversity of colonizing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates mirrors that of invasive isolates in Blantyre, Malawi.","volume":"8","author":"Lewis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microb. Genom."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.004","article-title":"Virulence evolution, molecular mechanisms of resistance and prevalence of ST11 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in China: A review over the last 10 years.","volume":"23","author":"Liao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8121932","article-title":"Genotyping of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica from Hares in Germany.","volume":"8","author":"Linde","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43061","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-27081-y","article-title":"Comprehensive genome analysis of MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae in influent and effluent of a selected wastewater treatment plant.","volume":"15","author":"Mabeo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"mgen000967","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000967","article-title":"A panel of diverse Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates for research and development.","volume":"9","author":"Martin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microb. Genom."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00004","article-title":"Colonization, infection, and the accessory genome of Klebsiella pneumoniae.","volume":"8","author":"Martin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01860.x","article-title":"Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and the permeability barrier.","volume":"14","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-024-00711-5","article-title":"Occurrence of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae in oysters in Egypt: A significant public health issue.","volume":"23","author":"Mohammed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00078-15","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae: Going on the offense with a strong defense.","volume":"80","author":"Paczosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00428-20","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00428-20","article-title":"Horizontal plasmid transfer among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates is the key factor for dissemination of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases among children in Tanzania.","volume":"5","author":"Pedersen","year":"2020","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5873","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01019-15","article-title":"Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, a key pathogen set for global nosocomial dominance.","volume":"59","author":"Pitout","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.4.589","article-title":"Klebsiella spp. as nosocomial pathogens: Epidemiology, taxonomy, typing methods, and pathogenicity factors.","volume":"11","author":"Podschun","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0237621","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02376-21","article-title":"High prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae in European food products: A multicentric study comparing culture and molecular detection methods.","volume":"10","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2024.100904","article-title":"Exploring AMR and virulence in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from humans and pet animals: A complement of phenotype by WGS-derived profiles in a One Health study in Egypt.","volume":"19","author":"Soliman","year":"2024","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143257","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1143257","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of Klebsiella spp. in milk samples from dairy cows with mastitis-A global systematic review.","volume":"10","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu033","article-title":"RAxML version 8: A tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies.","volume":"30","author":"Stamatakis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244482","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1244482","article-title":"Carbapenem resistant Enterobacterales in the United Arab Emirates: A retrospective analysis from 2010 to 2021.","volume":"11","author":"Thomsen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01263-0","article-title":"A large-scale genomic snapshot of Klebsiella spp. isolates in Northern Italy reveals limited transmission between clinical and non-clinical settings.","volume":"7","author":"Thorpe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0003023","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00030-23","article-title":"Genomic epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella in Qatar: Emergence and dissemination of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 383 strains.","volume":"67","author":"Tsui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.106127","article-title":"Phenotypic and WGS-derived antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinical and non-clinical Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Germany and Vietnam.","volume":"56","author":"Wareth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10030564","article-title":"WGS-Based phenotyping and molecular characterization of the resistome, virulome and plasmid replicons in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from powdered milk produced in Germany.","volume":"10","author":"Wareth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-019-1891-0","article-title":"Improved metagenomic analysis with Kraken 2.","volume":"20","author":"Wood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2016.09.007","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae population genomics and antimicrobial-resistant clones.","volume":"24","author":"Wyres","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2018.04.004","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae as a key trafficker of drug resistance genes from environmental to clinically important bacteria.","volume":"45","author":"Wyres","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2640","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks261","article-title":"Identification of acquired antimicrobial resistance genes.","volume":"67","author":"Zankari","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00289","article-title":"Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from retail foods in China.","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00096-12","article-title":"\u03b2-Lactamase production in key gram-negative pathogen isolates from the Arabian Peninsula.","volume":"26","author":"Zowawi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1788677\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T05:42:07Z","timestamp":1776231727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1788677\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1788677"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1788677","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"article-number":"1788677"}}