{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T05:10:08Z","timestamp":1779167408041,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":254,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) represent a growing challenge to both animal and human health in Sudan. However, the absence of consolidated nationwide data limits accurate characterization of tick fauna, monitoring of shifts in species distribution, and detection of invasive species. This knowledge gap not only constrains understanding of vector ecology but also weakens efforts to link tick distribution with disease occurrence, thereby undermining targeted control strategies. Livestock TBDs, including theileriosis, babesiosis, anaplasmosis, and lumpy skin disease, cause substantial economic losses by reducing productivity, threatening food security, and hindering national development. In parallel, zoonotic infections such as Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Q fever, borreliosis, ehrlichiosis, rickettsioses, and potentially tularemia pose underrecognized public health risks. These infections are frequently misdiagnosed or overlooked due to limited diagnostic capacity and the predominance of malaria in the differential diagnosis of febrile illness. The persistence and spread of TBDs in Sudan are driven by interconnected factors, including high livestock mobility, widespread presence of competent vectors, weak veterinary and public health infrastructure, and inadequate surveillance systems. Addressing this multifaceted burden requires integrated approaches that combine improved vector control, expanded diagnostic capacity and surveillance, vaccination where available, and strengthened regional cross-border collaboration. This review synthesizes current knowledge on ticks and TBDs in Sudan, highlights critical gaps, and emphasizes the need for One Health strategies to reduce TBD transmission, protect livelihoods, and safeguard public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1790610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T04:21:25Z","timestamp":1779164485000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High diversity and distribution of ticks and tick-borne diseases in Sudan emphasizes the need for implementing cost-effective community One Health strategy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Nouh Saad","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pan-Africa One Health Institute (PAOHI)","place":["Kigali, Rwanda"]},{"name":"Sennar Malaria Training and Research Centre","place":["Sennar, Sudan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayman","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pan-Africa One Health Institute (PAOHI)","place":["Kigali, Rwanda"]},{"name":"Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum","place":["Khartoum, Sudan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Theileria annulata antibodies measured by indirect Ta SP ELISA among dairy cattle raised at Elhoush district, Gezira state, Sudan","volume":"6","author":"Abakar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biotechnol. Biosci."},{"key":"B2","author":"Abakar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of some skin disease in one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) at Tamboul\u2013Sudan 2016"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2017.1475-1480","article-title":"Prevalence of Theileria annulata in dairy cattle in Nyala, South Darfur State, Sudan","volume":"10","author":"Abaker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4969","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054969","article-title":"Recent advances in tick antigen discovery and anti-tick vaccine development","volume":"24","author":"Abbas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B5","author":"Abdalla","year":"1984","journal-title":"Studies on Babesia Bigenina in Cattle in Northern Sudan"},{"key":"B6","author":"Abdalla","year":"2007","journal-title":"Studies on ticks and tick-borne diseases of cattle in South Darfour State, Sudan"},{"key":"B7","first-page":"23","article-title":"Detection of Theileria and Babesia infection and their co-infection in ruminants in Wad Madani town, Gezira State, Central Sudan","volume":"11","author":"Abdelgalil","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sudan Med. Lab. J."},{"key":"B8","first-page":"81","article-title":"Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in southern Kordofan","volume":"14","author":"Abdelhakam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sudan. J. Paediatr."},{"key":"B9","first-page":"69","article-title":"Detection of Babesia caballi in the one-humped Camel (Camelius dromedarius) using the Reverse Line Block RLB) in Sudan","volume":"24","author":"Abdelrahim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"B10","author":"Abdoon","year":"1984","journal-title":"Studies on some aspects of equine piroplasmosis in Khartoum district, Sudan"},{"key":"B11","first-page":"89","article-title":"Piroplasmosis in a newborn Thomson's gazelle (Gazella thomsonii) in the Sudan","volume":"41","author":"Abdoon","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bull. Anim. Health Prod. Afr."},{"key":"B12","first-page":"11","article-title":"The epidemiology of equine piroplasmosis in Khartoum district, Sudan. 1. Tick prevalence and their parasite rate","volume":"40","author":"Abdoon","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bull. Anim. Health Prod. Afr."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-025-05635-9","article-title":"Epidemiological trends of malaria in Sennar State, Sudan","volume":"24","author":"Abubakr","year":"2025","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-10-178","article-title":"A seroepidemiological survey of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever among cattle in North Kordufan State, Sudan","volume":"10","author":"Adam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"B15","author":"Adam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prevalence of blood parasites in domestic animals in South Darfour State of Sudan"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihz122","article-title":"Urgent call for a global enforcement of the public sharing of health emergencies data: lesson learned from serious arboviral disease epidemics in Sudan","volume":"12","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Health"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202408.1358.v1","article-title":"One Health response for Rift Valley fever outbreak in Sudan","author":": Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Preprints."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e555","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(20)30269-2","article-title":"Arboviral diseases: the emergence of a major yet ignored public health threat in Africa","volume":"4","author":"Ahmed","year":"","journal-title":"Lancet Planetary Health"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10050928","article-title":"Epidemics of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) in Sudan between 2010 and 2020","volume":"10","author":"Ahmed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3390\/v12010081","article-title":"Risks and challenges of arboviral diseases in Sudan: the urgent need for actions","volume":"12","author":"Ahmed","year":"","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-020-05101-6","article-title":"Socioeconomic impacts of elimination of onchocerciasis in Abu-Hamed focus, northern Sudan: lessons after elimination","volume":"13","author":"Ahmed","year":"","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110621","article-title":"Diversity and distribution of viral zoonosis in Africa","volume":"610","author":"Ahmed","year":"","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.3390\/jof11080569","article-title":"Exploring the diversity and distribution of medico-veterinary fungal diseases in Africa: harnessing a multisectoral one health strategy for cost-effective prevention and preparedness","volume":"11","author":"Ahmed","year":"","journal-title":"J. Fungi"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2021.100057","article-title":"The impacts of climate change on displaced populations: a call for action","volume":"3","author":"Ahmed","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clim. Change Health"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3390\/parasitologia5030029","article-title":"arthropod-borne zoonotic parasitic diseases in Africa: existing burden, diversity, and the risk of re-emergence","volume":"5","author":"Ahmed","year":"","journal-title":"Parasitologia"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v72i3.201","article-title":"Some observations on ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting sheep in river Nile Province of Northern Sudan","volume":"72","author":"Ahmed","year":"2005","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1485-6","article-title":"An atlas of tsetse and bovine trypanosomosis in Sudan","volume":"9","author":"Ahmed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-015-0736-3","article-title":"Comparative in vitro anti-tick efficacy of commercially available products and newly developed phyto-formulations against field collected and resistant tick lines of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus","volume":"40","author":"Ajith Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Parasit. Dis."},{"key":"B29","author":"Al Faki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Studies on ticks and tick\u2013borne diseases of export Sheep at Alkadaro Slaughter house"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.04.005","article-title":"Genotyping of Theileria lestoquardi from sheep and goats in Sudan to support control of Malignant Ovine Theileriosis","volume":"239","author":"Ali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"B31","author":"Ali","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) Infesting Cattle Destined For Export at Alkadaro Quarantine Station, Khartoum State, Sudan MTAH"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1935(17)34140-4","article-title":"Investigation of the first outbreaks of lumpy skin disease in the Sudan","volume":"133","author":"Ali","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br. Vet. J."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trab119","article-title":"The role of integrated programs in the prevention of COVID-19 in a humanitarian setting","volume":"116","author":"Ali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali\n              Y.\n            \n            \n              Siddig\n              E. E.\n            \n            \n              Osman\n              M.\n            \n            \n              Mohamed\n              N. S.\n            \n            \n              Musa\n              A.\n            \n            \n              Ahmed\n              A.\n            \n          \n          Preparedness, prevention, investigation, and response to the emergence of Mpox in Khartoum, Sudan in 2022\n          \n          2024","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202406.0168.v1"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.5897\/JCAB11.065","article-title":"Study on prevalence of parasitic diseases in cattle in Abyei area\u2013Sudan","volume":"6","author":"Alkareem","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cell Anim. Biol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-022-04157-y","article-title":"Blood meal profile and positivity rate with malaria parasites among different malaria vectors in Sudan","volume":"21","author":"Altahir","year":"2022","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(99)01470-2","article-title":"Immune responses to Dermatophilus congolensis infections","volume":"15","author":"Ambrose","year":"1999","journal-title":"Parasitol. Today"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.23802","article-title":"Epidemiology of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Europe and its prevention by available vaccines","volume":"9","author":"Amicizia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccin. Immunother."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1605.091815","article-title":"Nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, Sudan","volume":"16","author":"Aradaib","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.04.014","article-title":"Theileria lestoquardi in Sudan is highly diverse and genetically distinct from that in Oman","volume":"62","author":"Awad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.04.007","article-title":"Prevalence and genetic diversity of Babesia and Anaplasma species in cattle in Sudan","volume":"181","author":"Awad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trab030","article-title":"A possible role for ticks in the transmission of Madurella mycetomatis in a mycetoma-endemic village in Sudan","volume":"115","author":"Azrag","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-28842-5_8","article-title":"\u201cThe huge risks due to Hyalomma ticks,\u201d","volume-title":"Arthropods as Vectors of Emerging Diseases","author":"Bakheit","year":"2012"},{"key":"B44","first-page":"242","article-title":"\u201cPathological studies on camel (Camelus dromedarius) dermatophilosis in Khartoum-North area Sudan,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the international camel conference","author":"Bakhiet","year":"2013"},{"key":"B45","first-page":"22","article-title":"Prevalence of hard tick (Acari: Ixodidae) and preliminary observation on Babesia infection on equines in White Nile State, Sudan","volume":"3","author":"Bala","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Vet. Sci. Anim. Husb."},{"key":"B46","first-page":"1212","article-title":"Seasonal prevalence and geographical distribution of ticks of camels (Camelus dromedaries) in four states of Great Butana, Sudan","volume":"6","author":"Bala","year":"","journal-title":"J. Entomol. Zool. Stud."},{"key":"B47","first-page":"33","article-title":"Prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi in camels in four states of Great Butana, Sudan","volume":"3","author":"Bala","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Zool. Stud."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2021.100270","article-title":"A One Health approach to study the circulation of tick-borne pathogens: a preliminary study","volume":"13","author":"Banovi\u0107","year":"2021","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004005207","article-title":"Systematics and evolution of ticks with a list of valid genus and species names","volume":"129","author":"Barker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.5897\/JCAB11.066","article-title":"Traditional and modern practices in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of animal diseases in South Kordofan State, Sudan","volume":"6","author":"Basheir","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cell Anim. Biol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-015-9975-3","article-title":"The natural infection of birds and ticks feeding on birds with Rickettsia spp. and Coxiella burnetii in Slovakia","volume":"68","author":"Berthov\u00e1","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-010-9359-7","article-title":"Potential role of ticks as vectors of bluetongue virus","volume":"52","author":"Bouwknegt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.11.302","article-title":"Severe undifferentiated febrile illness outbreaks in the Federal Republic of Sudan\u2013a retrospective epidemiological and diagnostic study","volume":"79","author":"Bower","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01719283","article-title":"Serologic evidence for human ehrlichiosis in Africa","volume":"10","author":"Brouqui","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B55","first-page":"340","article-title":"Detection of Trypanosoma theileri in Ethiopian cattle ticks","volume":"30","author":"Burgdorfer","year":"1973","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01210","article-title":"Environmental and molecular drivers of the \u03b1-Gal syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Cabezas-Cruz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B57","first-page":"469","article-title":"Antigenic classification and taxonomy of flaviviruses (family Flaviviridae) emphasizing a universal system for the taxonomy of viruses causing tick-borne encephalitis","volume":"32","author":"Calisher","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Virol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.124129","article-title":"Ticks jump in a warmer world: global distribution shifts of main pathogenic ticks are associated with future climate change","volume":"374","author":"Cao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2019-0180","article-title":"Fever, bacterial zoonoses, and One Health in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"19","author":"Carugati","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Med."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068129","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1068129","article-title":"Coxiella burnetii in ticks, livestock, pets and wildlife: a mini-review","volume":"9","author":"Celina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10101273","article-title":"Ticks and tick-borne diseases in Central America and the Caribbean: a one health perspective","volume":"10","author":"Charles","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2019.09.012","article-title":"Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in Hyalomma impeltatum ticks from North Kordofan, the Sudan","volume":"89","author":"Chitimia-Dobler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1606.090175","article-title":"Human anaplasmosis and Anaplasma ovis variant","volume":"16","author":"Chochlakis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1012903","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012903","article-title":"The impact of climate change on ecology of tick associated with tick-borne diseases","volume":"21","author":"Choi","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-50934-3.00098-7","article-title":"\u201c98 - Cytauxzoonosis,\u201d","volume-title":"Greene's Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat (Fifth Edition)","author":"Cohn","year":"2021"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-012-0315-y","article-title":"Delayed anaphylaxis to red meat in patients with IgE specific for galactose alpha-1,3-Galactose (alpha-gal)","volume":"13","author":"Commins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep."},{"key":"B67","unstructured":"Cudjoe\n              D. N.\n            \n            \n              Amin\n              N. K. H.\n            \n          \n          \n          2024"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2015.07.001","article-title":"Relapsing fever borreliae: a global review","volume":"35","author":"Cutler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Lab. Med."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2015.07.001","article-title":"Climate change, biodiversity, ticks and tick-borne diseases: the butterfly effect","volume":"4","author":"Dantas-Torres","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Parasites Wildl."},{"key":"B70","first-page":"347","article-title":"\u201cBabesiosis,\u201d","volume-title":"Arthropod Borne Diseases","author":"Dantas-Torres","year":"2017"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2012.07.003","article-title":"Ticks and tick-borne diseases: a One Health perspective","volume":"28","author":"Dantas-Torres","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"B72","first-page":"215","article-title":"\u201cAnaplasmosis,\u201d","volume-title":"Arthropod Borne Diseases","author":"Dantas-Torres","year":"2016"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13020426","article-title":"Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus: a comprehensive review from epidemiology to diagnosis and treatment","volume":"13","author":"Diani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13110897","article-title":"Review of Lyme Borreliosis in Africa\u2014an emerging threat in Africa","volume":"13","author":"Doss","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1112.050898","article-title":"Human granulocytic anaplasmosis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum","volume":"11","author":"Dumler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjad060","article-title":"Emerging tickborne viruses vectored by Amblyomma americanum (Ixodida: Ixodidae): Heartland and Bourbon viruses","volume":"60","author":"Dupuis","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70014","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70014","article-title":"First molecular diagnosis of the human pathogen Rickettsia raoultii and other spotted fever group rickettsiae in Sudanese ixodid ticks from domestic ruminants","volume":"10","author":"Eisawi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-019-02176-7","article-title":"A molecular prevalence survey on Anaplasma infection among domestic ruminants in Khartoum State, Sudan","volume":"52","author":"Eisawi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.59","article-title":"Seroprevalence of spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae infection in domestic ruminants in Khartoum State, Sudan","volume":"3","author":"Eisawi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"B80","first-page":"21","article-title":"Blood parasites in dairy cattle in Al Nohud and Al Obied cities in West and North Kordufan States, Sudan","volume":"1","author":"El Ayis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Univ. Bahri J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"B81","first-page":"31","article-title":"The present status of tick-borne diseases in the Sudan","volume":"81","author":"El Hussein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Inst. Pasteur Tunis"},{"key":"B82","first-page":"47","article-title":"Molecular identification of different Theileria and Babesia species infecting sheep in Sudan","volume":"62","author":"El Imam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Parasitol."},{"key":"B83","first-page":"23","article-title":"Pathology of domestic fowl spirochaetosis in different age groups of chicken experimentally infected with Borrelia anserina","volume":"25","author":"El Nasri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sudan J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"B84","first-page":"51","article-title":"Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting camels in El Butana area mid-central sudan","volume":"25","author":"El Tigani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sudan J. Vet. Res"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v76i2.43","article-title":"Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting camels (Camelus dromedarius) in northern Sudan","volume":"76","author":"Elghali","year":"2009","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v79i1.431","article-title":"Ticks infesting animals in the Sudan and southern Sudan: past and current status: research communication","volume":"79","author":"ElGhali","year":"2012","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"B87","first-page":"29","article-title":"Resistance of three tick species infesting cattle and camels to cypermethrin in Alelafon, Khartoum state, Sudan","volume":"31","author":"Elhaj","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sudan J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36811\/jvsr.2019.110005","article-title":"Baseline survey of Ixodid ticks infesting cattle in Northern State, Sudan","author":"Elhaj","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vet. Sci. Res."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1710594","article-title":"Q fever (Coxiella burnetii)","volume":"41","author":"Espa\u00f1a","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(01)00426-5","article-title":"Forecasting habitat suitability for ticks and prevention of tick-borne diseases","volume":"98","author":"Estrada-Pe\u00f1a","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.34.1.2345","article-title":"Ticks as vectors: taxonomy, biology and ecology","volume":"34","author":"Estrada-Pe\u00f1a","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00064","article-title":"Impact of climate trends on tick-borne pathogen transmission","volume":"3","author":"Estrada-Pe\u00f1a","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0044","article-title":"Colorado tick fever in the United States, 2013-2022","volume":"111","author":"Fagre","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428719","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1428719","article-title":"Role of Rhipicephalus bursa larvae in transstadial transmission and endemicity of Babesia ovis in chronically infected sheep","volume":"14","author":"Firat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B95","first-page":"7","article-title":"Prevalence of tropical theileriosis in Nyala Dairy Farms, South Darfur State, Sudan","volume":"30","author":"Gaafar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sudan J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0133593","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133593","article-title":"Francisella tularensis: no evidence for transovarial transmission in the tularemia tick vectors Dermacentor reticulatus and Ixodes ricinus","volume":"10","author":"Genchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13312","article-title":"Current status of tropical theileriosis in Northern Africa: a review of recent epidemiological investigations and implications for control","volume":"67","author":"Gharbi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2017.05.005","article-title":"Three different Hepatozoon species in domestic cats from southern Italy","volume":"8","author":"Giannelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-052720-094533","article-title":"The impacts of climate change on ticks and tick-borne disease risk","volume":"66","author":"Gilbert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.11.4.648","article-title":"Dermatophilosis in camels (Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758) in Kenya","volume":"11","author":"Gitao","year":"1992","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Des Epizoot."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-35","article-title":"Economic downturn results in tick-borne disease upsurge","volume":"4","author":"Godfrey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.11.1975","article-title":"Clinical and neurophysiological features of tick paralysis","volume":"120","author":"Grattan-Smith","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.2528.1.1","article-title":"The Argasidae, Ixodidae and Nuttalliellidae (Acari: Ixodida) of the world: a list of valid species names","volume":"2528","author":"Guglielmone","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.5455\/javar.2015.b53","article-title":"Prevalence of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and Theileria annulata antibodies in White Nile State, Sudan","volume":"2","author":"Guma","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.28.3.1954","article-title":"The treatment of bovine dermatophilosis and its effect on some haematological and blood chemical parameters","volume":"28","author":"Hamid","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Tech"},{"key":"B106","author":"Hamza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Studies on fowl spirochetosis in Khartoum state"},{"key":"B107","first-page":"31","article-title":"Prevalence of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and Theileria lestoquardi antibodies in sheep and goats in Khartoum State, Sudan","volume":"33","author":"Hassan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sud. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4314\/sokjvs.v11i2.1","article-title":"An overview of factors responsible for geographic distribution pattern of ixodid ticks in the Sudan","volume":"11","author":"Hassan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sokoto J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2019.104697","article-title":"Assessment of the prevalence of Theileria lestoquardi in sheep from the Sudan using serological and molecular methods","volume":"169","author":"Hassan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"B110","author":"Hassan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases in the Sudan (1908\u20132007)"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00148","article-title":"Prevalence of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and Theileria annulata infection of cattle in Gezira State, Sudan","volume":"10","author":"Hayati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol. Control"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.5644\/ama2006-124.221","article-title":"The English Sweating Sickness: Out of Sight, Out of Mind?","volume":"47","author":"Heyman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Med. Acad."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.2307\/3273742","article-title":"A preliminary, annotated list of ticks (Ixodoidea) of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan","volume":"40","author":"Hoogstraal","year":"1954","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"B114","author":"Hoogstraal","year":"1956","journal-title":"African Ixodoidea: Ticks of the Sudan"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60563-1","article-title":"Argasid and nuttalliellid ticks as parasites and vectors","volume":"24","author":"Hoogstraal","year":"1985","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S49","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000075818","article-title":"Persistence and transmission of tick-borne viruses: Ixodes ricinus and louping-ill virus in red grouse populations","volume":"111","author":"Hudson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"B117","first-page":"182","article-title":"\u201cEconomic and health impact of the ticks in production animals,\u201d","volume-title":"Ticks and tick-borne pathogens","author":"Hurtado","year":"2018"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/22.1.72","article-title":"Haemaphysalis spinulosa and Rhipicephalus simus (Acari: Ixodidae): seasonal abundance of immature stages and host range in the Shambat area, Sudan","volume":"22","author":"Hussein","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.5455\/vetworld.2012.394-397","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Q fever in goats in the Sudan","volume":"5","author":"Hussien","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Hussien","year":"2017","DOI":"10.5812\/iji.42945"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.726","article-title":"Serological, virological and molecular diagnosis of an outbreak of lumpy skin disease among cattle in Butana area, Eastern Sudan","volume":"8","author":"Hussien","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"B122","first-page":"37","article-title":"Haemoparasites identification in two dairy cattle farms in Khartoum State with reference of Babesia bigemina: molecular confirmation","volume":"25","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sudan J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.03.002","article-title":"Epidemiological survey of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in cattle in East Darfur State, Sudan","volume":"6","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9345231","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9345231","article-title":"Microscopic and molecular detection of camel piroplasmosis in Gadarif State, Sudan","volume":"2017","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Int."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.9734\/ajravs\/2020\/v3i184s","article-title":"Efficacy of Buparvaquone treatment in pregnant cows infect with Theileria species in Sudan","volume":"5","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian J. Res. Anim. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.12816\/0009450","article-title":"Diagnosis of Ehrlichia ruminantium in ruminants in Central Sudan using polymerase chain reaction","volume":"6","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Agric. Vet. Sci"},{"key":"B127","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cross-sectional study of cattle Babesiosis and associated risk factors in Nyala, South Darfur, Sudan","volume":"33","author":"Idris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tanzania Vet. J."},{"key":"B128","author":"Imam","year":"1995","journal-title":"Epidemiological studies of sheep theileriosis in Kassala area"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0005021","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005021","article-title":"Tick-borne diseases in Turkey: a review based on One Health perspective","volume":"10","author":"Inci","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1374.085","article-title":"Epidemiological survey of Ehrlichia canis and related species infection in dogs in eastern Sudan","volume":"1078","author":"Inokuma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12310","article-title":"Borrelia chilensis, a new member of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex that extends the range of this genospecies in the Southern Hemisphere","volume":"16","author":"Ivanova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5833","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19105833","article-title":"One Health approach to tick and tick-borne disease surveillance in the United Kingdom","volume":"19","author":"Johnson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02214705","article-title":"Isolation and transmission of Cowdria ruminantium (causal agent of heartwater disease) in Blue Nile Province, Sudan","volume":"8","author":"Jongejan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01193169","article-title":"Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of the Blue and White Nile ecosystems in the Sudan with particular reference to the Rhipicephalus sanguineus group","volume":"3","author":"Jongejan","year":"1987","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1935(17)44354-5","article-title":"Rickettsial infection (heartwater) in sheep and goats in the Sudan","volume":"116","author":"Karrar","year":"1960","journal-title":"Br. Vet. J."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300048987","article-title":"Ecology and host-relationships of ticks (Ixodoidea) infesting domestic animals in Kassala Province, Sudan, with special reference to Amblyomma lepidum D\u00f6nitz. 1","volume":"54","author":"Karrar","year":"1963","journal-title":"Bull. Entomol. Res."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e40895","article-title":"Ticks as vectors of Trypanosomatidae with medical or veterinary interest: insights and implications from a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Kernif","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03472-12","article-title":"Presence and persistence of Coxiella burnetii in the environments of goat farms associated with a Q fever outbreak","volume":"79","author":"Kersh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"B139","author":"Kirk","year":"1940","journal-title":"The epidemiology of relapsing fever in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, including an experimental study of the Abyssinian Louse-Borne Strain."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.09.012","article-title":"The natural history of Anaplasma marginale","volume":"167","author":"Kocan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655715","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.655715","article-title":"The prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in hard ticks in Europe and their role in Q fever transmission revisited\u2014a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"K\u00f6rner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2105.150150","article-title":"Novel thogotovirus associated with febrile illness and death, United States, 2014","volume":"21","author":"Kosoy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2018.11.007","article-title":"Human babesiosis","volume":"49","author":"Krause","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S221","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004005220","article-title":"Tick-borne viruses","volume":"129","author":"Labuda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00045","article-title":"Control of cattle ticks and tick-borne diseases by Acaricide in Southern Province of Zambia: a retrospective evaluation of animal health measures according to current One Health concepts","volume":"6","author":"Laing","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"B146","first-page":"873","article-title":"Anthemosoma garnhami ngn sp., 1st Dactylosomidae known in mammals","volume":"268","author":"Landau","year":"1969","journal-title":"C. R. Acad. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. D."},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1017\/S1742758400001727","article-title":"Resistance to natural tick infestations in different breeds of cattle in the Sudan","volume":"5","author":"Latif","year":"1984","journal-title":"Int. J. Trop. Insect Sci."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1017\/S174275840000268X","article-title":"Tick (Acari= Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) immatures feeding on cattle, camels and sheep in the Sudan, with notes on behaviour of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum larvae fed on different hosts","volume":"6","author":"Latif","year":"1985","journal-title":"Int. J. Trop. Insect Sci."},{"key":"B149","first-page":"30","article-title":"\u201cEcological and epidemiological studies on ticks and tick-borne diseases in the Sudan,\u201d","volume-title":"ACIAR proceedings series","author":"Latif","year":"1987"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac300","article-title":"The threat of climate change on tick-borne infections: rising trend of infections and geographic distribution of climate risk factors associated with ticks","volume":"227","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.01.014","article-title":"Detection and molecular characterization of tick-borne pathogens infecting sheep and goats in Blue Nile and West Kordofan states in Sudan","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjab086","article-title":"Trends and opportunities in tick-borne disease geography","volume":"58","author":"Lippi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.1776","article-title":"Systematic review of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome:virology, epidemiology, and clinical characteristics","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2110.150126","article-title":"Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks as reservoir and vector of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in China","volume":"21","author":"Luo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10030334","article-title":"Autochthonous trypanosoma spp. in European mammals: a brief journey amongst the neglected trypanosomes","volume":"10","author":"Magri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-020-01284-8","article-title":"Prevalence of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and Theileria lestoquardi in sheep at El Huda and El Nuhud animals production research stations, Sudan","volume":"45","author":"Magzoub","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Parasit. Dis."},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12040364","article-title":"Distribution and prevalence of ticks and tick-borne pathogens at the Wildlife-Livestock Interface in Africa: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Makwarela","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet. Sci."},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S95","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182003004670","article-title":"Biochemical perspectives on paralysis and other forms of toxicoses caused by ticks","volume":"129","author":"Mans","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00298","article-title":"Emerging tick-borne viruses in the twenty-first century","volume":"7","author":"Mansfield","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2020.100079","article-title":"VANGUARD\u00ae crLyme: a next generation Lyme disease vaccine that prevents B. burgdorferi infection in dogs","volume":"6","author":"Marconi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine: X"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3852-6","article-title":"A review on the eco-epidemiology and clinical management of human granulocytic anaplasmosis and its agent in Europe","volume":"12","author":"Matei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00355-2","article-title":"Tularaemia: clinical aspects in Europe","volume":"16","author":"Maurin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1203378","article-title":"A New Phlebovirus Associated with Severe Febrile Illness in Missouri","volume":"367","author":"McMullan","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-1","article-title":"Driving forces for changes in geographical distribution of Ixodes ricinus ticks in Europe","volume":"6","author":"Medlock","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"B165","first-page":"81","article-title":"A review on tick-borne diseases in the Sudan and their control","volume":"86","author":"Mekki Osman","year":"1976","journal-title":"Bull. Off. Int. Epizoot."},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e181580","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.1580","article-title":"Clinical features and complications of Coxiella burnetii infections from the French National Reference Center for Q fever","volume":"1","author":"Melenotte","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.25-0100","article-title":"Strategies and recommendations for the prevention and control of war-facilitated onchocerciasis reemergence in Sudan","volume":"113","author":"Mohamed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-019-2970-0","article-title":"Genetic polymorphism of the N-terminal region in circumsporozoite surface protein of Plasmodium falciparum field isolates from Sudan","volume":"18","author":"Mohamed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0624","article-title":"Assessment of the COVID-19 Surveillance System in Sudan: performance, limitations, and recommendations","volume":"13","author":"Mohamed","year":"","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Me. Hyd"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.insi.2025.100160","article-title":"The role of Marburg virus glycoprotein diversity on epitopes conservation and its impact on effectiveness of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies: a call for one health strategy in vaccines research, development, and coordinated implementation","volume":"2","author":"Mohamed","year":"2026","journal-title":"In Silico Res. Biomed."},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-024-07067-1","article-title":"Undetected circulation of major arboviruses in West Sudan: urging for institutionalizing multisectoral one health strategy for the preparedness, prevention, and control of zoonotic arboviral diseases","volume":"17","author":"Mohamed","year":"","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-5775-0","article-title":"Molecular detection and characterization of Theileria spp. infecting cattle in Sennar State, Sudan","volume":"117","author":"Mohamed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405737","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/405737","article-title":"Francisella tularensis bacteremia: a case report from Sudan","volume":"2012","author":"Mohamed","year":"2012","journal-title":"Case Rep. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v74i4.116","article-title":"Distribution and population dynamics of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting sheep in Sennar State, Sudan","volume":"74","author":"Mohammed","year":"2007","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"B175","first-page":"173","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of tick-borne haemoparasites infecting sheep and goats in Sennar state, Sudan","volume":"3","author":"Mohammed","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Res."},{"key":"B176","first-page":"167","article-title":"Seasonal epidemiology of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) among dairy cattle within Gezira State, Sudan","volume":"3","author":"Mohammed","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Res."},{"key":"B177","first-page":"119","article-title":"Serosurveillance of Ehrlichia ruminantium antibodies of sheep using Map1-B Elisa in Sennar State, Sudan","volume":"1","author":"Mohammed","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Anim. Prod."},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.46784\/e-avm.v15i2.305","article-title":"Prevalence of ticks and risk factors associated with the infestation of sheep in River Nile State, Sudan","volume":"15","author":"Mohammed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Vet. Med."},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.03.006","article-title":"Molecular, serological and parasitological survey of Theileria annulata in North Kordofan State, Sudan","volume":"13","author":"Mohammed-Ahmed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol. Reg. Stud. Rep."},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2004.107","article-title":"Spotted fever group rickettsiae from ticks captured in Sudan","volume":"57","author":"Morita","year":"2004","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(86)90026-9","article-title":"Transmission of a Trypanosoma sp. to cattle by the tick Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum","volume":"19","author":"Morzaria","year":"1986","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2010.05.100025","article-title":"Cat scratch disease and arthropod vectors: more to it than a scratch?","volume":"23","author":"Mosbacher","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Board Fam. Med."},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10050580","article-title":"Molecular characterization of ticks and tick-borne pathogens in cattle from Khartoum state and east Darfur state, Sudan","volume":"10","author":"Mossaad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2019.105302","article-title":"Prevalence of different trypanosomes in livestock in Blue Nile and West Kordofan States, Sudan","volume":"203","author":"Mossaad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-1888-2_15","article-title":"Anti-tick vaccines: current advances and future prospects","volume":"2411","author":"Muhanguzi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5877(92)90070-V","article-title":"Estimated economics of theileriosis control in Africa","volume":"12","author":"Mukhebi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1111.050744","article-title":"Ehrlichia ruminantium, Sudan","volume":"11","author":"Muramatsu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00769-4","article-title":"Findings from the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"403","author":"Murray","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.19182\/remvt.8777","article-title":"An outbreak of suspected tick paralysis in one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the Sudan","volume":"43","author":"Musa","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rev. Elev. Med. Vet. Pays Trop."},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2015.02.019","article-title":"A case of Alkhumra virus infection","volume":"66","author":"Musso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology"},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2014.1748","article-title":"Molecular detection of Rickettsia africae in Amblyomma variegatum collected from Sudan","volume":"15","author":"Nakao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoon. Dis."},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2026.106168","article-title":"Implementation and evaluation of a community health workers-led digital integrated diseases screening system to provide healthcare for patients at community level in Rwanda","volume":"125","author":"Ngabonziza","year":"2026","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaa220","article-title":"Possible effects of climate change on ixodid ticks and the pathogens they transmit: predictions and observations","volume":"58","author":"Ogden","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"B194","first-page":"139","article-title":"Ticks infesting sheep and goats in the Sudan","volume":"39","author":"Osman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"B195","author":"Osman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Studies on Ecology and Developmental Biology of Ornithodoros Savignyi (Audouin) and Argas (Persicargas) Persicus Oken with Reference to their Water Relations"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2019.101408","article-title":"Molecular detection of avian spirochete Borrelia anserina in Argas persicus ticks in Algeria","volume":"68","author":"Ouchene","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.12.11.1343-1346.2005","article-title":"Detection of Babesia canis rossi, B. canis vogeli, and Hepatozoon canis in dogs in a village of Eastern Sudan by using a screening PCR and sequencing methodologies","volume":"12","author":"Oyamada","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Vacc. Immunol."},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e228","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(25)00589-4","article-title":"Kyasanur forest disease: an emerging arboviral threat","volume":"26","author":"Pandey","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-2042-2","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of ivermectin against Theileria orientalis infection in grazing cattle","volume":"15","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1705.100573","article-title":"Tick-borne relapsing fever borreliosis, rural Senegal","volume":"17","author":"Parola","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2008045","article-title":"Francisella tularensis: an arthropod-borne pathogen","volume":"40","author":"Petersen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4878","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.001445","article-title":"Borrelia mayonii sp. nov., a member of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, detected in patients and ticks in the upper midwestern United States","volume":"66","author":"Pritt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0977","article-title":"Elevated human Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever virus seroprevalence in khashm el Girba, Eastern Sudan","volume":"100","author":"Rahden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.24.3.1624","article-title":"Observations on the trypanosomosis problem outside the tsetse belts of Sudan","volume":"24","author":"Rahman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626420","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.626420","article-title":"Economic benefits of diagnostic testing in livestock: anaplasmosis in cattle","volume":"8","author":"Railey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-2-139","article-title":"The first report of human illness associated with the Panola Mountain Ehrlichia species: a case report","volume":"2","author":"Reeves","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Med. Case Rep."},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0281","article-title":"Prevalence and genetic characterization of deer tick virus (Powassan virus, lineage II) in Ixodes scapularis ticks collected in Maine","volume":"101","author":"Robich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00521","article-title":"Immunomodulatory effects of Amblyomma variegatum saliva on bovine cells: characterization of cellular responses and identification of molecular determinants","volume":"7","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2901.212295","article-title":"Comprehensive review of emergence and virology of tickborne Bourbon virus in the United States","volume":"29","author":"Roe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2011.04.002","article-title":"Updates on Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex with respect to public health","volume":"2","author":"Rudenko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"B211","author":"Saad","year":"2004","journal-title":"Asurvey Of Diseases Prevalent In Dairy Cows In The White Nile And Gezira States-Sudan"},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-025-01059-2","article-title":"The first molecular detection of the presence and prevalence of Trypanosoma theileri in Cattle from T\u00fcrkiye","volume":"70","author":"Sahin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol."},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-1265-0","article-title":"Seroprevalence of tick-borne diseases among cattle in the Sudan","volume":"104","author":"Salih","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v71i4.252","article-title":"Preliminary survey of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on cattle in northern Sudan","volume":"71","author":"Salih","year":"2004","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v72i4.179","article-title":"Natural infection rates and transmission of Theileria annulata by Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks in the Sudan","volume":"72","author":"Salih","year":"2005","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(77)90206-1","article-title":"Louse-borne relapsing fever: I. A clinical and laboratory study of 363 cases in the Sudan","volume":"71","author":"Salih","year":"1977","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-023-09231-6","article-title":"Genetic variation and demographic history of Sudan desert sheep reveal two diversified lineages","volume":"24","author":"Salim","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Genom."},{"key":"B218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577469","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1577469","article-title":"Comprehensive mitochondrial genomics of Fasciola gigantica from Sudan: insights into genetic diversity, evolutionary dynamics, and host adaptation","volume":"12","author":"Salim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"B219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025","article-title":"African swine fever: a re-emerging viral disease threatening the global pig industry","volume":"233","author":"Sanchez-Cordon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"B220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2021.101848","article-title":"Successive treatments with ivermectin (3.15%) to control the tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in cattle: pharmacokinetic and efficacy assessment","volume":"13","author":"Sarli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"B221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100632","article-title":"Cattle anaplasmosis and babesiosis: major tick-borne diseases affecting the cattle industry in Khartoum State, Sudan","volume":"26","author":"Satti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol. Reg. Stud. Rep."},{"key":"B222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2312.170532","article-title":"Bourbon virus in field-collected ticks, Missouri, USA","volume":"23","author":"Savage","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-018-0257-8","article-title":"Analysis of the environmental and host-related factors affecting the distribution of the tick Dermacentor marginatus","volume":"75","author":"Selmi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"B224","first-page":"54","article-title":"Attenuation of two field isolates of Theileria annulata and their potential as vaccine candidates against tropical Theileriosis in the Sudan","volume":"3","author":"Sharieff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Res. Sci. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"B225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(81)90034-0","article-title":"Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (Koch, 1844) as a possible vector for transmission of Trypanosoma theileri, Laveran, 1902 in cattle","volume":"9","author":"Shastri","year":"1981","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"B226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-018-0019-0","article-title":"Tick-borne viruses","volume":"33","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virol. Sin."},{"key":"B227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0012141","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012141","article-title":"Epidemiology of tularemia in the countries of the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO): a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Sholeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"B228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-019-06458-9","article-title":"Ixodid tick species and two tick-borne pathogens in three areas in the Sudan","volume":"119","author":"Shuaib","year":"","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"B229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-020-00534-x","article-title":"Morphological abnormalities in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from domestic animal species in Sudan","volume":"82","author":"Shuaib","year":"","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"B230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.53854\/liim-2903-7","article-title":"Clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory features of Rickettsia africae infection, African tick-bite fever: a systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Silva-Ramos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infez. Med."},{"key":"B231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-2037-1","article-title":"Tortoise tick Hyalomma aegyptium as long term carrier of Q fever agent Coxiella burnetii\u2014evidence from experimental infection","volume":"107","author":"\u0160irok\u00fd","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"B232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.2307\/3283781","article-title":"The genus Hepatozoon (Apicomplexa: Adeleina)","volume":"82","author":"Smith","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"B233","author":"Sowar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epidemiology and ecology of ticks and some tick-borne diseases in Kadogli and Dilling provinces Southern Kordofan State, Sudan"},{"key":"B234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8121969","article-title":"Tick fauna and associated Rickettsia, Theileria, and Babesia spp. in domestic animals in Sudan (North Kordofan and Kassala States)","volume":"8","author":"Springer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2019.05.015","article-title":"Transmission of lumpy skin disease virus: a short review","volume":"269","author":"Sprygin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"B236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jipm\/pmx018","article-title":"Integrated pest management in controlling ticks and tick-associated diseases","volume":"8","author":"Stafford","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Integr. Pest Manag."},{"key":"B237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2707.204759","article-title":"Anthemosoma garnhami in an HIV-Infected Man from Zimbabwe Living in South Africa","volume":"27","author":"Stead","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-017-0816-3","article-title":"Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever among the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedaries) in Central Sudan","volume":"14","author":"Suliman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"B239","author":"Suliman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecular epidemiology of heartwater (Ehrlichia ruminantium infection) in domestic ruminants in Sudan."},{"key":"B240","first-page":"195","article-title":"Borrelia organism in a goat in Sinnar area","volume":"36","author":"Suliman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sudan J. Vet. Sci. Anim. Husb."},{"key":"B241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8814592","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/8814592","article-title":"Revealing the diversity of the mycobiome in different phases of ticks: ITS gene-based analysis","volume":"2024","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"B242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.08.003","article-title":"Naturally occurring infections of cattle with Theileria lestoquardi and sheep with Theileria annulata in the Sudan","volume":"191","author":"Taha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"B243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-011-2428-y","article-title":"First confirmed report of outbreak of malignant ovine theileriosis among goats in Sudan","volume":"109","author":"Taha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"B244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-76643-5_2","article-title":"\u201cVeterinary significance of ticks and tick-borne diseases,\u201d","volume-title":"Tick Vector Biology: Medical and Veterinary Aspects","author":"Uilenberg","year":"1992"},{"key":"B245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2787","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002787","article-title":"Epidemiology of Coxiella burnetii infection in Africa: a OneHealth systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Vanderburg","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"B246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)32209-4","article-title":"Natural infection rates of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum with Theileria in Sudan","volume":"35","author":"Walker","year":"1983","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"B247","unstructured":"1999 - Relapsing fever (previously reported as acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome) in southern Sudan - Update\n          \n          1999"},{"key":"B248","first-page":"20","article-title":"Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting sheep and goats in Nyala Town, South Darfur, Sudan","volume":"16","author":"Yagoub","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sust. J. Agric. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"B249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0689-2","article-title":"Ovine theileriosis in China: a new look at an old story","volume":"101","author":"Yin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"B250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10100628","article-title":"Argas persicus and Carios vespertilionis ticks infesting ducks, domestic fowls and bats in Pakistan: first report on molecular survey and phylogenetic position of Borrelia anserina","volume":"10","author":"Zahid","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Sci."},{"key":"B251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-9571(93)90148-X","article-title":"Dermatophilus congolensis infection (Dermatophilosis) in animals and man! An update","volume":"16","author":"Zaria","year":"1993","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B252","first-page":"46","article-title":"Some epidemiological aspects of bovine anaplasmosis in South Kordofan State, Sudan","volume":"28","author":"Zein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sudan J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"B253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(22)00212-6","article-title":"Mapping the global distribution of spotted fever group rickettsiae: a systematic review with modelling analysis","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Digit. Health"},{"key":"B254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2025.101271","article-title":"Epidemic potential of SFTSV: increasing evidence for non-vector-borne transmission","volume":"7","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1790610\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T04:21:35Z","timestamp":1779164495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1790610\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"references-count":254,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1790610"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1790610","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"article-number":"1790610"}}