{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T23:15:19Z","timestamp":1788822919276,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In recent years, the global incidence of depression has continued to rise, posing a severe threat to physical and mental health as well as overall quality of life. While\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , as a significant probiotic, has demonstrated remarkable potential in alleviating depressive symptoms, the specific mechanisms of\n                      <jats:italic>Limosilactobacillus fermentum<\/jats:italic>\n                      in depression have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the antidepressant effects of\n                      <jats:italic>L. fermentum<\/jats:italic>\n                      WIS32 and explore its underlying mechanisms via the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross-cohort meta-analysis was initially conducted to assess the abundance of\n                      <jats:italic>L. fermentum<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the gut microbiota of patients with depression. Subsequently, in vitro experiments were performed to evaluate the gastrointestinal tolerance, antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial properties of WIS32 compared to a control strain, LFG89. In vivo, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse model of depression was established to assess the effects of WIS32 intervention on behavioral phenotypes, hippocampal neurochemicals (5-HT and BDNF), and serum pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-6). Finally, full-length 16S rRNA sequencing and correlation analyses were utilized to examine the remodeling of the gut microbiota structure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The meta-analysis revealed a significant reduction in the abundance of\n                      <jats:italic>L. fermentum<\/jats:italic>\n                      in patients with depression. In vitro assessments demonstrated that WIS32 exhibited superior gastrointestinal tolerance, antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial properties compared to LFG89. In vivo, WIS32 intervention significantly ameliorated LPS-induced depressive-like behaviors, upregulated 5-HT and BDNF levels in the hippocampus, and inhibited serum pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that WIS32 significantly remodeled the gut microbiota by promoting beneficial taxa, such as\n                      <jats:italic>Bacteroides stercorirosoris<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Massilimaliae timonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , while inhibiting pro-inflammatory pathogens like\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2014effects that were more pronounced than those of LFG89. Correlation analysis confirmed that these microbial shifts were strongly associated with reduced inflammation and enhanced neuroplasticity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings demonstrate that\n                      <jats:italic>L. fermentum<\/jats:italic>\n                      WIS32 effectively alleviates depressive symptoms by modulating key taxa within the gut microbiota to suppress inflammation and promote neuroplasticity. Therefore,\n                      <jats:italic>L. fermentum<\/jats:italic>\n                      WIS32 holds significant promise as a potential psychobiotic for the treatment and management of depression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1792026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T05:43:25Z","timestamp":1779169405000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Limosilactobacillus fermentum WIS32 alleviates LPS-induced depression-like behavior via the microbiota-gut-brain axis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xiaohan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PKUMed-Wisbiom Joint Laboratory for Human Microbiome Research","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaguo","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinqiang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Tianjin, China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfeng","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PKUMed-Wisbiom Joint Laboratory for Human Microbiome Research","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chongming","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Tianjin, China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization","place":["Tianjin, China"]},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407620","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1407620","article-title":"Supplementation with Lactobacillus helveticus Ns8 alleviated behavioral, neural, endocrine, and microbiota abnormalities in an endogenous rat model of depression","volume":"15","author":"Alatan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. 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