{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:04:08Z","timestamp":1788303848204,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Actinobacteria are ubiquitous and metabolically versatile members of aquatic microbiomes, yet their roles in aquaculture remain under-characterized compared with other microbial groups. This systematic review synthesizes current evidence on their functional duality in farmed fish systems, integrating both metabolic benefits and detrimental effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Studies describing Actinobacterial isolates with at least one laboratory validation were systematically collected and critically evaluated. Methodological approaches were examined to distinguish\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      bioactivity from\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      effects and to assess taxonomic, genomic, and functional characterization.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Only a minority of studies progressed beyond\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      screening, and a critical gap in genomic resolution was identified: almost half lacked molecular identification, and most relied solely on partial 16S rRNA sequencing.\n                      <jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic>\n                      emerged as the predominant genus, accounting for most reports of both favorable and detrimental effects. Selected\n                      <jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains and their postbiotic fractions showed consistent antagonism against major fish pathogens, including\n                      <jats:italic>Vibrio harveyi<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Aeromonas hydrophila<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus agalactiae<\/jats:italic>\n                      , through quorum-sensing disruption, antibiofilm activity, nutrient competition, and targeted immunometabolic modulation. Conversely,\n                      <jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic>\n                      , together with\n                      <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      , have been associated with geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol production, sporadic opportunistic infections, and putative involvement in tetrodotoxin cycling.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These outcomes appear highly context-dependent and reflect ecological adaptations rather than intrinsic hazards. By consolidating evidence on both beneficial and detrimental traits, this review highlights the need for genome-resolved taxonomy and ecologically informed screening pipelines to guide the safe and effective integration of Actinobacteria into aquaculture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1794932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T20:12:25Z","timestamp":1781122345000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The dual role of Actinobacteria in aquaculture: a systematic review of metabolic benefits and detrimental effects"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Zuluaga-Quintero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program of Biosciences, School of Engineering, Universidad de la Sabana","place":["Ch\u00eda, Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Eduardo","family":"Diaz Barrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher","place":["Bogota, Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Villamil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program of Biosciences, School of Engineering, Universidad de la Sabana","place":["Ch\u00eda, Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2022.113579","article-title":"Undesirable odour substances (geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol) in water environment: sources, impacts and removal strategies","volume":"178","author":"Abd El-Hack","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mar. 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