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The \u201cgut microbiota-sex hormone axis\u201d maintains endocrine homeostasis through diverse pathways, including enzymatic reactions, immune modulation, metabolic regulation, and the microbiome-gut-brain axis. Dysregulation of this axis has been identified as a critical factor in the pathogenesis of sex hormone-related disorders. Probiotics have emerged as a promising adjunctive therapeutic strategy by targeting this axis. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that specific probiotic strains ameliorate hormonal imbalances, attenuate inflammation, and optimize metabolic parameters, showing positive efficacy in sex hormone-related disorders. This review systematically elaborates the regulatory mechanisms of this bidirectional axis and highlights the application of probiotics and its regulatory roles as targeted interventions in related disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1795152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:39:22Z","timestamp":1777527562000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Microecological modulators\u2014new perspectives for treating sex hormone disorders"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xinhua","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University","place":["Changchun, China"]},{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihan","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham","place":["Birmingham, AL, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guihua","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham","place":["Birmingham, AL, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinggang","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2020.1865419","article-title":"Synergistic therapeutic effects of probiotic lactobacillus casei TD-2 consumption on GM-CSF-induced immune responses in a murine model of cervical cancer","volume":"74","author":"Abdolalipour","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr. 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