{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T17:54:38Z","timestamp":1776275678849,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bacterial colonization of medical devices is promoting hospital-acquired infections leading to worsening patient outcomes and high costs for society. Sequential bacterial colonization of surfaces may provide altered conditions that benefit pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study we have investigated the interactions between two pairs of clinical isolates collected from patients that were on mechanical ventilation. Two patients were first colonized by\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and thereafter\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      settled. The two\n                      <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were weak colonizers in monoculture. We investigated two hypotheses: (1)\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      preconditions material surfaces, facilitating adhesion of later colonizers. (2)\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      provides an altered nutrient environment promoting the growth and settlement of other bacteria.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Surface preconditioning did not seem to enhance colonization of\n                      <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      . However, bacterial growth, biofilm formation, ratio of colony forming units, and metabolic profiles were influenced by co-cultivation. The effects varied depending on nutrient content in the medium.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In general, co-cultures appeared to benefit clinical isolates to a higher degree, compared to reference strains. The results indicate that differences in airway microenvironment between patients may have a large effect on the infection process and which pathogens that persist.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1798383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T17:01:01Z","timestamp":1776272461000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Paving the way or sharing goods?\u2014Interactions between pairs of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa sequentially isolated from respiratory samples of patients on mechanical ventilation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Erlingsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Ume\u00e5 Centre of Microbial Research, Ume\u00e5 University","place":["Ume\u00e5, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dmytro","family":"Sokol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Ume\u00e5 Centre of Microbial Research, Ume\u00e5 University","place":["Ume\u00e5, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oleksandr","family":"Ilchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Ume\u00e5 Centre of Microbial Research, Ume\u00e5 University","place":["Ume\u00e5, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meissiner","family":"Gomes-Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 en Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB)","place":["Badalona, Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III","place":["Badalona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olena","family":"Rzhepishevska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Ume\u00e5 Centre of Microbial Research, Ume\u00e5 University","place":["Ume\u00e5, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Prat-Aymerich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 en Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB)","place":["Badalona, Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III","place":["Badalona, Spain"]},{"name":"Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University","place":["Utrecht, Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Antti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Ume\u00e5 Centre of Microbial Research, Ume\u00e5 University","place":["Ume\u00e5, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Lacoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 en Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB)","place":["Badalona, Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III","place":["Badalona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madeleine","family":"Ramstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Ume\u00e5 Centre of Microbial Research, Ume\u00e5 University","place":["Ume\u00e5, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fty003","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/fty003","article-title":"Interaction between Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is beneficial for colonisation and pathogenicity in a mixed biofilm","volume":"76","author":"Alves","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pathog. 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