{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T16:44:06Z","timestamp":1788367446549,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n \n Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n is one of the largest genera among Gram-negative bacteria, currently comprising nearly 400 valid species. Among them, non-\n aeruginosa Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n species, together with\n Stutzerimonas<\/jats:italic>\n \u2014a genus recently separated from\n Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n \u2014are becoming important reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes. However, accurate species-level identification of these organisms remains challenging when relying on the methods routinely implemented in most clinical microbiology laboratories, such as MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and characterize metallo-\u03b2-lactamase-producing non-\n aeruginosa Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n spp. and\n Stutzerimonas<\/jats:italic>\n spp. isolates obtained in a Spanish tertiary hospital, focusing on their species-level identification, dissemination and role as reservoirs of carbapenemase-encoding genes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) were used to identify and characterize a total of 22 carbapenemase-producing non-\n aeruginosa Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Stutzerimonas<\/jats:italic>\n isolates collected from patient and environmental samples from March 2022 to July 2024 in a Spanish tertiary hospital.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n WGS analysis identified eight species:\n Pseudomonas alloputida<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 7),\n Pseudomonas mosselii<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 5),\n Pseudomonas kurunegalensis<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 4),\n Pseudomonas asiatica<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 2),\n Pseudomonas oleovorans<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 1),\n Pseudomonas soli<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 1),\n Stutzerimonas chloritidismutans<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 1) and\n Stutzerimonas stutzeri<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 1). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) classified isolates of the\n P. putida<\/jats:italic>\n group into nine STs, revealing three predominant clones:\n P. alloputida<\/jats:italic>\n ST69,\n P. mosselii<\/jats:italic>\n ST115 and\n P. kurunegalensis<\/jats:italic>\n ST114. AST results showed resistance rates &gt;55% to all tested \u03b2-lactams, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones, except for cefiderocol, amikacin and colistin (0\u20135%). The following carbapenemase combinations were detected:\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n VIM\u22121<\/jats:sub>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 16),\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n VIM\u22121<\/jats:sub>\n +\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n VIM\u22122<\/jats:sub>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 4),\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n VIM\u22121<\/jats:sub>\n +\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM\u22121<\/jats:sub>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 1) and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n VIM\u221211<\/jats:sub>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 1). Seven distinct\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n VIM<\/jats:sub>\n -harboring plasmids were detected in 16 isolates, whereas the remaining six carried chromosomally-integrated\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n VIM<\/jats:sub>\n . Eight different\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n VIM<\/jats:sub>\n -harboring class I integrons were detected, two of which also occurred in\n P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n clinical isolates obtained in the same hospital.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n This study highlights the epidemiological relevance of non-\n aeruginosa Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Stutzerimonas<\/jats:italic>\n species as reservoirs of metallo-\u03b2-lactamase genes encoded in mobile genetic elements. These findings reinforce the need for systematic WGS-based surveillance of both clinical and environmental isolates, enabling the detection of hidden transmission networks and interspecies dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1810036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T06:09:16Z","timestamp":1779430156000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Emerging reservoirs of metallo-\u03b2-lactamase genes among non-aeruginosa Pseudomonas and Stutzerimonas species in a Spanish tertiary hospital"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Guillem","family":"Puigsech-Boixeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Genetics and Microbiology Department, Universitat 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Teresa","family":"Mart\u00edn-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Romero-Herrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"Vi\u00f1ado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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