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Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non-tuberculous mycobacteria constitute a rapidly emerging class of opportunistic pathogens with escalating clinical significance globally. We recently characterized two novel species within the Mycobacterium gordonae complex-Mycobacterium camsae and Mycobacterium pumcae-both isolated from human cutaneous infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Comprehensive phenotypic and transcriptomic analyses were conducted to elucidate their pathobiological properties. Comparative analysis included\n                      <jats:italic>M. gordonae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (closest phylogenetic relative),\n                      <jats:italic>M. marinum<\/jats:italic>\n                      (slow-growing reference), and\n                      <jats:italic>M. abscessus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (rapid-growing reference). Growth kinetics, intracellular survival, cytokine induction, and bacterial and host transcriptomic profiling were characterized.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both novel species exhibited attenuated growth kinetics characteristic of the\n                      <jats:italic>M. gordonae<\/jats:italic>\n                      complex. Notably,\n                      <jats:italic>M. pumcae<\/jats:italic>\n                      demonstrated enhanced inflammatory potential resembling\n                      <jats:italic>M. marinum<\/jats:italic>\n                      , while\n                      <jats:italic>M. camsae<\/jats:italic>\n                      displayed more subdued host responses akin to\n                      <jats:italic>M. gordonae<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Bacterial transcriptomic profiling unveiled distinct adaptive strategies:\n                      <jats:italic>M. pumcae<\/jats:italic>\n                      preferentially upregulated stress response regulons and iron homeostasis pathways, whereas\n                      <jats:italic>M. camsae<\/jats:italic>\n                      emphasized cell envelope biosynthesis and core metabolic reconfiguration. Host transcriptomic analysis at 24 h post-infection revealed differential temporal dynamics: the rapid-growing\n                      <jats:italic>M. abscessus<\/jats:italic>\n                      predominantly triggered immunometabolic reprogramming pathways, while slow-growing mycobacteria (\n                      <jats:italic>M. camsae, M. pumcae<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>M. gordonae<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) were still eliciting robust innate immune recognition signatures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This investigation provides the first systematic characterization of host-pathogen interactions within these newly described\n                      <jats:italic>M. gordonae<\/jats:italic>\n                      complex members, establishing a mechanistic foundation for understanding their distinct pathogenic trajectories and informing species-specific diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1810237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T05:44:41Z","timestamp":1779255881000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phenotypic and transcriptomic characterization of two newly described Mycobacterium species within the Mycobacterium gordonae complex"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Tian","family":"Gan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Skin Disease, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youming","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Skin Disease, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiqin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Skin Disease, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Skin Disease, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Skin Disease, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongsheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Skin Disease, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"TNMI7","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.TNMI7-0012-2016","article-title":"Other slow-growing nontuberculous mycobacteria","volume":"4","author":"Bittner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiol. 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