{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T06:16:08Z","timestamp":1778566568873,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella aerogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a significant opportunistic pathogen, yet the virulence and resistance mechanisms of wildlife-originating strains remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the biological characteristics of\n                    <jats:italic>K. aerogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain S_KLB, isolated from the lung of a deceased ground thrush, and to elucidate its pathogenic mechanisms in murine pneumonia. The isolated strain was assessed for cultural characteristics, antibiotic susceptibility, and the presence of virulence genes via PCR. An acute pneumonia model was established in mice through intranasal infection. Clinical symptoms and histopathological alterations in lung tissues were evaluated using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&amp;amp;E) and TUNEL staining. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting were employed to measure the expression of relevant genes and the activation of signaling pathway proteins in lung tissues. Strain S_KLB exhibited robust growth on both MacConkey and SS agar media. It demonstrated resistance to a majority of tested antibiotics, including imipenem and oxacillin, and harbored a diverse virulence gene profile encompassing siderophores, fimbriae, efflux pumps, and metabolic factors. Animal challenge revealed that S_KLB infection induced severe pneumonia, characterized by significant weight loss, pulmonary edema, extensive neutrophil infiltration, and increased cellular apoptosis. At the molecular level, infected lung tissues showed marked upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (\n                    <jats:italic>TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, IL-1\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and the chemokine\n                    <jats:italic>CXCL1.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Concurrently, the NF-\u03baB, STAT3, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways were activated, accompanied by elevated expression of the apoptotic protein Cleaved Caspase-3. The ground thrush-derived\n                    <jats:italic>K. aerogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain S_KLB is a multidrug-resistant isolate possessing a broad range of virulence associated genes. It induces severe pneumonic injury by activating the NF-\u03baB\/STAT3\/p38 MAPK signaling cascades, which drive excessive inflammatory responses and cellular apoptosis. This study provides experimental evidence for assessing the pathogenic potential of a wildlife-originating bacterial strain in a murine pneumonia model.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1811142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T05:46:07Z","timestamp":1778564767000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterization and pathogenic mechanisms of a Klebsiella aerogenes strain isolated from a deceased ground thrush"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mingao","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia MINZU University","place":["Tongliao, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuxia","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia MINZU University","place":["Tongliao, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chelegeri","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongliao Animal Agriculture Development Service Center","place":["Tongliao, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bayi","family":"Erta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongliao Animal Disease Control Center","place":["Tongliao, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongliao Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science","place":["Tongliao, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haifeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongliao Animal Quarantine Technology Service Center","place":["Tongliao, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rigetu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chifeng Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences","place":["Chifeng, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luomeng","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia MINZU University","place":["Tongliao, China"]},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Rambo Testing Technology Limited Company","place":["Tongliao, China"]},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Engineering Technology Research Center for Prevention and Control of Beef Cattle Diseases","place":["Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China"]},{"name":"Beef Cattle Industry School of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, lnner Mongolia MINZU University","place":["Tongliao, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13020078","article-title":"General overview of Klebsiella pneumonia: epidemiology and the role of siderophores in its pathogenicity","volume":"13","author":"Abbas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569543","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1569543","article-title":"Geographic factors influence communities of symbiotic bacterial communities in Aphis gossypii across China's major cotton regions","volume":"16","author":"Alimu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. 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