{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:38:46Z","timestamp":1786977526868,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":298,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    is an opportunistic Gram-negative pathogen of increasing global concern due to its expanding virulence potential and rapid acquisition of antimicrobial resistance. Traditionally associated with hospital-acquired infections such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and bloodstream infections,\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    has evolved into a highly diverse species comprising classical (cKP), hypervirulent (hvKP), multidrug-resistant (MDR), and emerging carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent (CR-hvKP) variants. Its pathogenicity is driven by a wide array of virulence factors, including capsular polysaccharides, siderophores, fimbriae, lipopolysaccharides, and multiple secretion systems, all of which facilitate immune evasion, tissue invasion, biofilm formation, and environmental survival. Parallel to this,\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    has developed extensive resistance through intrinsic mechanisms, such as efflux pumps and porin alterations, as well as acquired determinants including ESBLs, carbapenemases (KPC, NDM, and OXA-48), 16S rRNA methyltransferases, and plasmid-mediated\n                    <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes conferring colistin resistance. These combined traits have led to widespread dissemination of MDR and XDR strains, limiting therapeutic options and contributing to significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burdens worldwide. Epidemiologically, resistance hotspots have emerged in Asia, Europe, and the Middle East, while hvKP continues to expand beyond its original endemic regions. Diagnostic challenges, therapeutic limitations, and economic pressures further complicate clinical management. This review synthesizes current knowledge on\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    virulence mechanisms, resistance evolution, epidemiology, and clinical impact, and highlights emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at overcoming this escalating public health threat.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1816741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T13:27:38Z","timestamp":1786973258000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antibiotic resistance in K. pneumoniae: perspectives, challenges, health risks, therapeutic approaches"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"T\u00fclay","family":"Kandemir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Cukurova University","place":["Adana, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiva Eivazi","family":"Bagheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, \u00c7ukurova University","place":["Adana, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gamze","family":"Ayakda\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duygu","family":"A\u011fag\u00fcnd\u00fcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University","place":["Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bence","family":"Raposa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Basics of Health Sciences, Midwifery and Health Visiting, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of P\u00e9cs","place":["P\u00e9cs, Hungary"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatih","family":"Ozogul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Cukurova University","place":["Adana, T\u00fcrkiye"]},{"name":"Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University","place":["Adana, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1017\/ash.2024.35","article-title":"The challenges of implementing infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship programs in resource-constrained settings","volume":"4","author":"Abbas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Steward. Healthc. Epidemiol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20832","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20832","article-title":"Impact of different cell penetrating peptides on the efficacy of antisense therapeutics for targeting intracellular pathogens","volume":"6","author":"Abushahba","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B3","unstructured":"2025"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2024.2313024","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance: a global crisis, problems and solutions","volume":"50","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S199844","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms related to colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"12","author":"Aghapour","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2019.10.014","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of treatment outcomes following antibiotic therapy among patients with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infections","volume":"55","author":"Agyeman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0289359","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0289359","article-title":"Characterization of aminoglycoside resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae collected from tertiary hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"18","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0297921","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0297921","article-title":"Global antimicrobial resistance and use surveillance system (GLASS 2022): investigating the relationship between antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial consumption data across the participating countries","volume":"19","author":"Ajulo","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-025-01569-8","article-title":"Infection control interventions against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae in an Iranian referral university hospital: a quasi-experimental study","volume":"14","author":"Akbari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2015.07.019","article-title":"The combination of colistin and fosfomycin is synergistic against NDM-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae in in vitro pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic model experiments","volume":"46","author":"Albur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.104408","article-title":"\u201cEfflux Pumps among Urinary E. coli and K. pneumoniae Local Isolates in Hilla City, Iraq,\u201d","author":"Al-Dahmoshi","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Global Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemic - Innovative Approaches and Cutting-Edge Solutions"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1021\/bi5000564","article-title":"Mechanism of quinolone action and resistance","volume":"53","author":"Aldred","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15040476","article-title":"\u03b2-lactam antibiotics and \u03b2-lactamase enzymes inhibitors, part 2: our limited resources","volume":"15","author":"Alfei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2025.107691","article-title":"Decoding virulence and resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae: pharmacological insights, immunological dynamics, and in silico therapeutic strategies","volume":"205","author":"Alishvandi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4653","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S283488","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant enterobacteriaceae: prevalence, treatments, and outcomes - a retrospective cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Alkofide","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11091219","article-title":"Silver nanoparticle-based combinations with antimicrobial agents against antimicrobial-resistant clinical isolates","volume":"11","author":"Alotaibi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.019","article-title":"Genetic and structural basis of colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae : unravelling the molecular mechanisms","volume":"38","author":"Alousi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4042","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22084042","article-title":"Prophylaxis and treatment against Klebsiella pneumoniae : current insights on this emerging anti-microbial resistant global threat","volume":"22","author":"Arato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-025-04540-3","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity of melia azedarach-mediated copper oxide nanoparticles against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"82","author":"Arshad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1731914","article-title":"The action of efflux pump genes in conferring drug resistance to klebsiella species and their inhibition","volume":"12","author":"Ashwath","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Health Allied Sci"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771510","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.771510","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance: one health one world outlook","volume":"11","author":"Aslam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B22","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales\u2013third update"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13030303","volume":"13","author":"Assoni","year":"2025"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fnag026","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnag026","article-title":"CRISPR-Cas based plasmid design for multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates","volume":"373","author":"Baba","year":"2026","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2023.105969","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance and virulence characteristics of four carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains coharbouring blaKPC and blaNDM based on whole genome sequences from a tertiary general teaching hospital in central China between 2019 and 2021","volume":"175","author":"Bai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5545","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S381280","article-title":"Clinical efficacy, antibiotic resistance genes, virulence factors and outcome of hospital-acquired pneumonia Induced by Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase 2-producing with tigecycline treatment in the ICU","volume":"15","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2016.1185577","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory considerations for the rapid detection of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"8","author":"Banerjee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12121155","article-title":"Recent advances in nanotechnology for the management of Klebsiella pneumoniae \u2013related infections","volume":"12","author":"Barani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30325-0","article-title":"Effect of antibiotic stewardship on the incidence of infection and colonisation with antibiotic-resistant bacteria and Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Baur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.05.011","article-title":"Molecular characterization of class b carbapenemases in advanced stage of dissemination and emergence of class d carbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceae from Croatia","volume":"43","author":"Bedeni\u0107","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.06.018","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance rates in hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strains: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Beig","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100902","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(24)00134-4","article-title":"WHO global research priorities for antimicrobial resistance in human health","volume":"5","author":"Bertagnolio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2024-0032","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae : an overview of common mechanisms and a current Canadian perspective","volume":"70","author":"Braun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02108-12","article-title":"Coproduction of 16S rRNA methyltransferase RmtD or RmtG with KPC-2 and CTX-M group extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases in Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"57","author":"Bueno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9061317","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae lipopolysaccharides serotype O2afg induce poor inflammatory immune responses ex vivo","volume":"9","author":"Bulati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00093","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00093-17","article-title":"Metabolite transporter PEG344 is required for full virulence of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strain hvKP1 after pulmonary but not subcutaneous challenge","volume":"85","author":"Bulger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. Immun"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7597","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26157597","article-title":"Phage host range expansion through directed evolution on highly phage-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"26","author":"Burke","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5662","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25235662","article-title":"Quinolones: mechanism, lethality and their contributions to antibiotic resistance","volume":"25","author":"Bush","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11061491","article-title":"A review of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacterales and its detection techniques","volume":"11","author":"Caliskan-Aydogan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00110","article-title":"CTX-M enzymes: origin and diffusion","volume":"3","author":"Cant\u00f3n","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2023.107014","article-title":"Antimicrobial surveillance: a 20-year history of the SMART approach to addressing global antimicrobial resistance into the future","volume":"62","author":"Cant\u00f3n","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i12","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa493","volume":"76","author":"Carrara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae. J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30605-4","article-title":"Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis","volume":"19","author":"Cassini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dlab092","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlab092","article-title":"Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases: an update on their characteristics, epidemiology and detection","volume":"3","author":"Castanheira","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob. Resist"},{"key":"B45","volume-title":"Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2023","year":"2023"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2025.2506042","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae : a connecting link in the One Health concept","volume":"119","author":"Chawla","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pathog. Glob. Health"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3144","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00031-10","article-title":"RmpA regulation of capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis in Klebsiella pneumoniae CG43","volume":"192","author":"Cheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5215","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55705-2","article-title":"Occurrence and mechanisms of tigecycline resistance in carbapenem- and colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Thailand","volume":"14","author":"Chirabhundhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3783","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.7.3783-3792.2004","article-title":"Isolation of a chromosomal region of Klebsiella pneumoniae associated with allantoin metabolism and liver infection","volume":"72","author":"Chou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3383","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S521566","article-title":"Transcriptomic insights into adaptive strategies of Klebsiella pneumoniae co-producing KPC-2 and NDM-5 carbapenemases under meropenem stress","volume":"18","author":"Dai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Dai","year":"2022","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.24743"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.02.072","volume":"42","author":"Dangor","year":"2024"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0492-8","article-title":"Epidemic of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Europe is driven by nosocomial spread","volume":"4","author":"David","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456046","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1456046","article-title":"Enterobactin and salmochelin S4 inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"15","author":"Davidov","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10091117","article-title":"Clinical status of efflux resistance mechanisms in gram-negative bacteria","volume":"10","author":"Davin-Regli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3624497","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/3624497","article-title":"Detection of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Iran","volume":"2023","author":"Davoudabadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2019-0180","article-title":"Promising strategies for future treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilms","volume":"15","author":"de Oliveira J\u00fanior","year":"2020","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2025.106571","article-title":"New frontiers in the exploration of phenolic compounds and other bioactives as natural preservatives","volume":"68","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Biosci"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11092354","article-title":"A whole-genome sequencing-based approach for the characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae co-producing KPC and OXA-48-like carbapenemases circulating in Sardinia, Italy","volume":"11","author":"Del Rio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112159","DOI":"10.3389\/fsoc.2023.1112159","article-title":"Precision and personalized medicine: what their current definition says and silences about the model of health they promote. Implication for the development of personalized health","volume":"8","author":"Delpierre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Sociol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1691215","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1691215","article-title":"Combating Klebsiella pneumoniae : from antimicrobial resistance mechanisms to phage-based combination therapies","volume":"15","author":"Ding","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00008","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00008-23","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase variants: the new threat to global public health","volume":"36","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207441","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1207441","article-title":"Role of efflux pumps, their inhibitors, and regulators in colistin resistance","volume":"14","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.02.011","article-title":"Aminoglycoside resistance: the emergence of acquired 16S ribosomal RNA methyltransferases","volume":"30","author":"Doi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103998","article-title":"Klebsiella species: taxonomy, hypervirulence and multidrug resistance","volume":"79","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01863","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01863-18","article-title":"The capsule regulatory network of Klebsiella pneumoniae defined by density-TraDISort","volume":"9","author":"Dorman","year":"2018","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2024.108437","article-title":"Computational strategies in Klebsiella pneumoniae vaccine design: navigating the landscape of in silico insights","volume":"76","author":"Douradinha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.911338","article-title":"Risk factors affecting patterns of antibiotic resistance and treatment efficacy in extreme drug resistance in intensive care unit-acquired Klebsiella pneumoniae infections: a 5-year analysis","volume":"25","author":"Durdu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"B69","year":"2024"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8050432","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8050432","article-title":"Molecular identification of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes among Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates recovered from Egyptian patients","volume":"2017","author":"El-Badawy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549044","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1549044","article-title":"Detection of antimicrobial resistance via state-of-the-art technologies versus conventional methods","volume":"16","author":"Elbehiry","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"lxaf131","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxaf131","article-title":"Bacteriophage-antibiotic synergy enhances therapeutic efficacy against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infections","volume":"136","author":"El-Din","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol"},{"key":"B73","volume-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in Europe 2023 \u2013 Annual Report","year":"2024"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13071697","article-title":"Global epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing gram-negative clinical isolates: a review","volume":"13","author":"Falagas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa586","article-title":"Efficacy of ceftazidime-avibactam plus aztreonam in patients with bloodstream infections caused by metallo-\u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales","volume":"72","author":"Falcone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2025.107628","article-title":"A pharmacometric model assessing the in vitro synergistic effect of a bacteriophage-polymyxin B combination in a clinical multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae isolate","volume":"66","author":"Farooq","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607512","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.607512","volume":"12","author":"Farzand","year":"2021"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13892","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50456-x","article-title":"ICEKp2: description of an integrative and conjugative element in Klebsiella pneumoniae, co-occurring and interacting with ICEKp1","volume":"9","author":"Farzand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B79","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Safety Communication: Increased risk of death with Tygacil (tigecycline)"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15060570","article-title":"Advances in CRISPR-Cas for diagnosis and treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"15","author":"Feng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3198","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.03198","article-title":"High prevalence of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring several virulence and \u03b2-lactamase encoding genes in a Brazilian intensive care unit","volume":"9","author":"Ferreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27620","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2007036117","article-title":"Defining principles that influence antimicrobial peptide activity against capsulated Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"117","author":"Fleeman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11040427","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility testing: a comprehensive review of currently used methods","volume":"11","author":"Gajic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2021.1924674","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae : mechanisms of resistance including updated data for novel \u03b2-lactam-\u03b2-lactamase inhibitor combinations","volume":"19","author":"Galani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3960","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00660-12","article-title":"RmtF, a new member of the aminoglycoside resistance 16S rRNA N7 G1405 methyltransferase family","volume":"56","author":"Galimand","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102834","article-title":"Higher prevalence of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates with high-risk multidrug resistance in Asia","volume":"18","author":"Gan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2023.106935","article-title":"In vitro development of imipenem\/relebactam resistance in KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae involves multiple mutations including OmpK36 disruption and KPC modification","volume":"62","author":"Gato","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-025-05099-4","volume":"44","author":"Germ","year":"2025","journal-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2022.07.005","article-title":"Emergence of mcr-1 gene and carbapenemase-encoding genes among colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates in Jordan","volume":"15","author":"Gharaibeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9903","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-66062-7","article-title":"Experimental phage evolution results in expanded host ranges against antibiotic resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates","volume":"16","author":"Ghatbale","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2007.126","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae in neonatal sepsis: a 3-year-study in the pediatric hospital of Tabriz, Iran","volume":"60","author":"Ghotaslou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.22034\/HBB.2020.22","article-title":"Construction of a chimeric FliC including epitopes of OmpA and OmpK36 as a multi-epitope vaccine against Klebsiella pneumonia","volume":"5","author":"Goodarzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Biotechnol. Biopharma"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10398","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-14267","article-title":"Efficacy of vaccination with a Klebsiella pneumoniae siderophore receptor protein vaccine for reduction of Klebsiella mastitis in lactating cattle","volume":"101","author":"Gorden","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix270","article-title":"Gastrointestinal carriage is a major reservoir of Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in intensive care patients","volume":"65","author":"Gorrie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30717-6","article-title":"Genomic dissection of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections in hospital patients reveals insights into an opportunistic pathogen","volume":"13","author":"Gorrie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.VMBF-0012-2015","article-title":"Bacterial secretion systems: an overview","volume":"4","author":"Green","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00024","article-title":"Microbiological and clinical characteristics of hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates associated with invasive infections in China","volume":"7","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-015-0072-9","article-title":"Colistin for lung infection: an update","volume":"3","author":"Gurjar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Intensive Care"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"001363","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.001363","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of epsilon-poly-l-lysine produced by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia HS4 and Paenibacillus polymyxa HS5, alone and in combination with bacteriophages","volume":"169","author":"Hagh Ranjbar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genrep.2025.102210","article-title":"CRISPR interference for blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-48 genes suppression in carbapenemase-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains","volume":"39","author":"Hajizadeh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gene Rep"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2024.107275","volume":"64","author":"Han","year":"2024"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003783","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1003783","volume":"13","author":"Han","year":"2022"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1548362","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1548362","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial peptides: effect on formation, metabolic activity and viability of Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilms","volume":"16","author":"Hanstein","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11010040","article-title":"Revisiting antibiotic resistance: mechanistic foundations to evolutionary outlook","volume":"11","author":"Hasan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-080219-122208","article-title":"Phage therapy for antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections","volume":"73","author":"Hatfull","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Med"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13080786","article-title":"Rapid phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing approaches for use in the clinical laboratory","volume":"13","author":"Hattab","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18050724","article-title":"Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae : insights into virulence, antibiotic resistance, and fight strategies against a superbug","volume":"18","author":"Hetta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"O267","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12374","article-title":"Cell-wall-inhibiting antibiotic combinations with activity against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli","volume":"20","author":"Hickman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pbae031","DOI":"10.1093\/pcmedi\/pbae031","article-title":"Global distribution of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases in neonates","volume":"7","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Precis. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1010693","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010693","article-title":"Capsule type defines the capability of Klebsiella pneumoniae in evading Kupffer cell capture in the liver","volume":"18","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2937","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11112937","article-title":"Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamases (ESBL): challenges and opportunities","volume":"11","author":"Husna","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s43088-024-00470-4","article-title":"Overcoming Klebsiella pneumoniae antibiotic resistance: new insights into mechanisms and drug discovery","volume":"13","author":"Huy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Beni-Suef Univ. J. Basic Appl. Sci"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1528869","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1528869","article-title":"Global quantitative proteome analysis of a multi-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain","volume":"16","author":"Illenseher","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-024-04092-3","article-title":"Type 1 fimbria and P pili: regulatory mechanisms of the prototypical members of the chaperone-usher fimbrial family","volume":"206","author":"Isidro-Coxca","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112002","article-title":"Lipocalin-2: structure, function, distribution and role in metabolic disorders","volume":"142","author":"Jaberi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823684","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.823684","article-title":"Global threat of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria","volume":"12","author":"Jean","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2024.07.003","article-title":"WHO publishes updated list of bacterial priority pathogens","volume":"5","author":"Jesudason","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2021.1937327","article-title":"Resistance evolution of hypervirulent carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 during treatment with tigecycline and polymyxin","volume":"10","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes. Infect."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.4103\/bbrj.bbrj_302_22","article-title":"Plasmid-mediated AmpC \u03b2-Lactamase gene analysis in Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates","volume":"6","author":"Jomehzadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Biotechnol. Res. J"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-018-0426-x","article-title":"Clinical characteristics, antimicrobial resistance and capsular types of community-acquired, healthcare-associated, and nosocomial Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia","volume":"8","author":"Juan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-239","article-title":"Differences in characteristics between healthcare-associated and community-acquired infection in community-onset Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection in Korea","volume":"12","author":"Jung","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1556\/AMicr.60.2013.2.10","article-title":"Synergistic antibiotic combinations for colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"60","author":"K\u00e1d\u00e1r","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Microbiol. Immunol. Hung."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10040415","article-title":"Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in important gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens and novel antibiotic solutions","volume":"10","author":"Kakoullis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S503730","article-title":"Behavioral and socio-economic determinants of antimicrobial resistance in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Kapatsa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2022-0097","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae : an update on antibiotic resistance mechanisms","volume":"18","author":"Karami-Zarandi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12020234","article-title":"Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: virulence factors, molecular epidemiology and latest updates in treatment options","volume":"12","author":"Karampatakis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2022.106535","article-title":"Prevalence of ESBL non-CRE Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae among clinical isolates collected by the SMART global surveillance programme from 2015 to 2019","volume":"59","author":"Karlowsky","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.54962\/ankemderg.1764509","article-title":"Karbapenem Diren\u00e7li Klebsiella pneumoniae Izolatlarinda Seftazidim-Avibaktam Ve Kolistin Direncinin Yillar I\u00e7inde Degi\u015fiminin Izlenmesi","volume":"39","author":"Kaya","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ankem Dergisi"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2016.1244611","article-title":"Virulence factors and clinical patterns of hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from urine","volume":"49","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289396","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1289396","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of tigecycline-resistance among Enterobacterales","volume":"14","author":"Korczak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2762","article-title":"The type II secretion system: biogenesis, molecular architecture and mechanism","volume":"10","author":"Korotkov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-024-04205-y","volume":"207","author":"Koul","year":"2024"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00024-24"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3183","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00047-16","article-title":"Identification of novel VEB \u03b2-lactamase enzymes and their impact on avibactam inhibition","volume":"60","author":"Lahiri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1012971","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012971","article-title":"Phage therapy for Klebsiella pneumoniae: understanding bacteria\u2013phage interactions for therapeutic innovations","volume":"21","author":"Le Bris","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00895","article-title":"Global dissemination of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae : epidemiology, genetic context, treatment options, and detection methods","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2024.127839","article-title":"Hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae : a global public health threat","volume":"288","author":"Lei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"001257","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.001257","article-title":"Plasmid genomic epidemiology of carbapenem-hydrolysing class D \u03b2-lactamase (CDHL)-producing Enterobacterales in Canada, 2010-2021","volume":"10","author":"Lerminiaux","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microb. Genom"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad226","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance: a global problem and the need to do more","volume":"77","author":"Lessa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-017-3160-z","article-title":"Risk factors and clinical outcomes of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae induced bloodstream infections","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S509016","article-title":"Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in Klebsiella: advances in detection methods and clinical implications","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0324151","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0324151","article-title":"The global burden of Klebsiella pneumoniae-associated lower respiratory infection in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2021: findings from the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11558","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-21-2644","article-title":"Pharmacist-led quality control circle in sustained reduction of carbapenem-resistance at a Chinese tertiary teaching hospital","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Palliat. Med."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2023.08.022","article-title":"Development of phage resistance in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is associated with reduced virulence: a case report of a personalised phage therapy","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0489-3","article-title":"The nature and epidemiology of OqxAB, a multidrug efflux pump","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324895","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1324895","article-title":"Relationship between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae and updates on antibiofilm therapeutic strategies","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2023.127374","article-title":"Roles of two-component regulatory systems in Klebsiella pneumoniae : regulation of virulence, antibiotic resistance, and stress responses","volume":"272","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2449722","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2025.2449722","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae derived outer membrane vesicles mediated bacterial virulence, antibiotic resistance, host immune responses and clinical applications","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00446","article-title":"The genetic structures of an extensively drug resistant (XDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae and its plasmids","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02738","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02738-24","article-title":"The antimicrobial peptide Cec4 has therapeutic potential against clinical carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectrum"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2455592","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2025.2455592","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2025"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14091916","article-title":"Characterization of novel bacteriophage vB_KpnP_ZX1 and its depolymerases with therapeutic potential for K57 Klebsiella pneumoniae infection","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01908","article-title":"Characterization of a novel blaKLUC Variant with reduced \u03b2-lactam resistance from an IncA\/C group plasmid in a clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S453025","article-title":"Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and developments in therapeutic strategies to combat Klebsiella pneumoniae infection","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20230707","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2023-0707","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2023"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105085","article-title":"Distribution of type VI secretion system (T6SS) in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from a Chinese hospital and its potential relationship with virulence and drug resistance","volume":"162","author":"Liao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01189","volume":"11","author":"Liao","year":"2020"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11075","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0522027","article-title":"In vitro characterization of salmochelin and enterobactin trilactone hydrolases IroD, IroE, and Fes","volume":"127","author":"Lin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2024.127701","article-title":"Antibiotic heteroresistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae : definition, detection methods, mechanisms, and combination therapy","volume":"283","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00436","article-title":"Characteristics of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae : does low expression of rmpA contribute to the absence of hypervirulence?","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00442","article-title":"Identification and characterization of an antibacterial type VI secretion system in the carbapenem-resistant strain Klebsiella pneumoniae HS11286","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Liu","year":"2025","DOI":"10.1049\/syb2.12112"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00424-7","article-title":"Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism MCR-1 in animals and human beings in China: a microbiological and molecular biological study","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13090792","article-title":"Long-term clinical and ecological impact of an antimicrobial stewardship program on the incidence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infections in a high-endemic hospital","volume":"13","author":"L\u00f3pez-Vi\u00f1au","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.07.038","article-title":"Antimicrobial polymers as therapeutics for treatment of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae lung infection","volume":"78","author":"Lou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70068","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.70068","article-title":"Characterization of a novel phage HZJ33 and its application in the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection","volume":"133","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010281","article-title":"The love and hate relationship between T5SS and other secretion systems in bacteria","volume":"25","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2023.100961","volume":"68","author":"Ma","year":"2023"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02896-5","article-title":"Self-assembly antimicrobial peptide for treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infection","volume":"22","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13090844","article-title":"Nanostructures for delivery of flavonoids with antibacterial potential against Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"13","author":"Mac\u00eado","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202307.0676.v1","article-title":"The challenge of overcoming antibiotic resistance in carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria: \u201cAttack on Titan\u201d","volume":"11","author":"Mancuso","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"001326","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.001326","article-title":"Bacterial secretion system functions: evidence of interactions and downstream implications","volume":"169","author":"Maphosa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00004","article-title":"Colonization, infection, and the accessory genome of Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"8","author":"Martin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Martin","year":"2016","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00261-16"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2018.0414","article-title":"Alliance of efflux pumps with \u03b2-lactamases in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates","volume":"25","author":"Maurya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist."},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-025-04775-z","article-title":"A review on novel strategies to combat multidrug resistance in pathogenic bacteria exploiting synergism between essential oil and antibiotics","volume":"42","author":"Mazumder","year":"2026","journal-title":"World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.03.034","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia","volume":"122","author":"Meatherall","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-024-10835-9","article-title":"Whole-genome sequencing of Klebsiella pneumoniae MDR circulating in a pediatric hospital setting: a comprehensive genome analysis of isolates from Guayaquil, Ecuador","volume":"25","author":"Mej\u00eda-Limones","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Genom"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16968","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-21396-w","article-title":"Role of Klebsiella pneumoniae type VI secretion system (T6SS) in long-term gastrointestinal colonization","volume":"12","author":"Merciecca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01163","article-title":"Type V secretion systems: an overview of passenger domain functions","volume":"10","author":"Meuskens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12101177","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae lipopolysaccharide as a vaccine target and the role of antibodies in protection from disease","volume":"12","author":"Miller","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.26444\/aaem\/105390","article-title":"Bacteriophages, phage endolysins and antimicrobial peptides-the possibilities for their common use to combat infections and in the design of new drugs","volume":"26","author":"Mirski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Agric. Environ. Med"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-023-01046-y","article-title":"Phage therapy of antibiotic-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, opportunities and challenges from the past to the future","volume":"68","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Folia Microbiol."},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.47419\/bjbabs.v4i04.211","article-title":"The importance of Klebsiella pneumoniae as a pathogen and the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains and molecular characteristics","volume":"4","author":"Mohammed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Baghdad J. Biochem. Appl. Biol. Sci"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02596","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02596-17","article-title":"In vivo efficacy of meropenem with a novel non-\u03b2-lactam\u2013\u03b2-lactamase inhibitor, nacubactam, against Gram-negative organisms exhibiting various resistance mechanisms in a murine complicated urinary tract infection model","volume":"62","author":"Monogue","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s12088-024-01247-0","article-title":"Virulence factors in Klebsiella pneumoniae : a literature review","volume":"64","author":"Monteiro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian J. Microbiol."},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02529","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02529-16","article-title":"WCK 5107 (zidebactam) and WCK 5153 are novel inhibitors of PBP2 showing potent \u201c\u03b2-lactam enhancer\u201d activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including multidrug-resistant metallo-\u03b2-lactamase-producing high-risk clones","volume":"61","author":"Moya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3390\/proceedings2020066011","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains: mechanisms and outbreaks","volume":"66","author":"Moya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2022.11435","article-title":"Phenotypic and genotypic detection methods for antimicrobial resistance in ESKAPE pathogens (Review)","volume":"24","author":"Muntean","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis","volume":"399","author":"Murray","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.slasd.2025.100232","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: linking molecular mechanisms to public health impact","volume":"33","author":"Muteeb","year":"2025","journal-title":"SLAS Discov"},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.24272\/j.issn.2095-8137.2025.303","article-title":"Integrating a cationic backbone with a hydrophobic core: a structure-function strategy for designing self-assembling antimicrobial peptides with enhanced activity","volume":"46","author":"Mwangi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Zool. Res"},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2018.1492902","article-title":"The rise and spread of mcr plasmid-mediated polymyxin resistance","volume":"45","author":"Nang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.14664","article-title":"The structure and mechanism of the bacterial type II secretion system","volume":"115","author":"Naskar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70850-3","article-title":"Framework for optimisation of the clinical use of colistin and polymyxin B: the Prato polymyxin consensus","volume":"15","author":"Nation","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fux013","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae : a major worldwide source and shuttle for antibiotic resistance","volume":"41","author":"Navon-Venezia","year":"2017","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"B197","first-page":"48","article-title":"Proteomik \u00c7ali\u015fmalara Genel Baki\u015f","volume":"40","author":"Nenni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hacet. Univ. J. Fac. Pharm"},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14030253","article-title":"Emergence of tigecycline-nonsusceptible carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae with metallo-\u03b2-lactamase and transferable ceftazidime-avibactam resistance in China","volume":"14","author":"Ni","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1006760","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006760","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide structure impacts the entry kinetics of bacterial outer membrane vesicles into host cells","volume":"13","author":"O'Donoghue","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12091920","article-title":"An overview of the recent advances in antimicrobial resistance","volume":"12","author":"Oliveira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2019.09.011","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae capsule polysaccharide as a target for therapeutics and vaccines","volume":"17","author":"Opoku-Temeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15573","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15573","article-title":"Genetic analysis of capsular polysaccharide synthesis gene clusters in 79 capsular types of Klebsiella spp","volume":"5","author":"Pan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13111029","article-title":"First detection of high-level aminoglycoside-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae isolates due to 16S rRNA methyltransferases with and without blaNDM in Uruguay","volume":"13","author":"Papa-Ezdra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723274","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.723274","article-title":"Host - bacterial pathogen communication: the wily role of the multidrug efflux pumps of the MFS family","volume":"8","author":"Pasqua","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci"},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7090285","article-title":"The varied role of efflux pumps of the MFS family in the interplay of bacteria with animal and plant cells","volume":"7","author":"Pasqua","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01148","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01148-20","article-title":"Emerging antimicrobial-resistant high-risk Klebsiella pneumoniae clones ST307 and ST147","volume":"64","author":"Peirano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14020134","article-title":"The role of artificial intelligence and machine learning models in antimicrobial stewardship in public health: a narrative review","volume":"14","author":"Pennisi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2436","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9122436","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae complex harboring mcr-1, mcr-7, and mcr-8 isolates from slaughtered pigs in Thailand","volume":"9","author":"Phetburom","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00102","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00102-19","article-title":"The Global ascendency of OXA-48-type carbapenemases","volume":"33","author":"Pitout","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev"},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr174","article-title":"Molecular analysis of NDM-1-producing enterobacterial isolates from Geneva, Switzerland","volume":"66","author":"Poirel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773215Y.0000000030","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: a global multifaceted phenomenon","volume":"109","author":"Prestinaci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pathog. Glob. Health"},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Prince","year":"2023","DOI":"10.1097\/IN9.0000000000000028"},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-025-00857-8","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis on the carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates","volume":"26","author":"Qala Nou","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01393","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01393-24","article-title":"Phage-antibiotic synergy suppresses resistance emergence of Klebsiella pneumoniae by altering the evolutionary fitness","volume":"15","author":"Qin","year":"2024","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260066","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1260066","article-title":"Occurrence and characterization of plasmids carrying tmexCD1-toprJ1, bla(DHA-1), and bla(CTX-M-127), in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae strains","volume":"13","author":"Qu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkae184","article-title":"Comprehensive insights into Klebsiella pneumoniae : unravelling clinical impact, epidemiological trends and antibiotic-resistance challenges","volume":"79","author":"Rahmat Ullah","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother"},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14071426","article-title":"Insight into antibiotic synergy combinations for eliminating colistin heteroresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"14","author":"Rajakani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"B218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15964","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.joc.0c01404","article-title":"A synthetic carbohydrate-protein conjugate vaccine candidate against Klebsiella pneumoniae Serotype K2","volume":"85","author":"Ravinder","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"B219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_19_157","volume":"37","author":"Remya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae. Indian J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"B220","first-page":"6","article-title":"Contribution of klebseilla pneumonia to antibiotic resistance of human infection: a review","volume":"15","author":"Riaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pakistan J. Med. Heal. Sci."},{"key":"B221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13071577","article-title":"The microbiological characteristics and genomic surveillance of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples","volume":"13","author":"Rizvi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Roberts","year":"2024","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlae195"},{"key":"B223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00603","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00603-20","article-title":"Global trends in proteome remodeling of the outer membrane modulate antimicrobial permeability in Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"11","author":"Rocker","year":"2020","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2025.04.024","article-title":"Colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex: the scenario in Mexico","volume":"43","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Santiago","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist"},{"key":"B225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-025-01322-z","article-title":"Colistin resistance in the era of antimicrobial resistance: challenges and strategic countermeasures","volume":"70","author":"RoyChowdhury","year":"2025","journal-title":"Folia Microbiol"},{"key":"B226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2023.2151435","volume":"21","author":"Russo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae. Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther."},{"key":"B227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Russo","year":"2019","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00001-19"},{"key":"B228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13100950","article-title":"Genomic characterization of 16S rRNA methyltransferase-producing enterobacterales reveals the emergence of Klebsiella pneumoniae ST6260 harboring rmtF, rmtB, bla(NDM-5), bla(OXA-232) and bla(SFO-1) genes in a cancer hospital in Bulgaria","volume":"13","author":"Sabtcheva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"B229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11131946","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: a growing serious threat for global public health","volume":"11","author":"Salam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"B230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eGS4444","DOI":"10.31744\/einstein_journal\/2019GS4444","article-title":"Economic burden of inpatients infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase","volume":"17","author":"Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Einstein"},{"key":"B231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2025.107399","article-title":"Emerging challenges in Klebsiella pneumoniae : antimicrobial resistance and novel approach","volume":"202","author":"Shah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"B232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0314522","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03145-22","article-title":"Bacterial type II secretion system and its mitochondrial counterpart","volume":"14","author":"Shaliutina-Loginova","year":"2023","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2019.02.003","article-title":"Discovery of NDM-1 inhibitors from natural products","volume":"18","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist"},{"key":"B234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4170","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.029017-0","article-title":"Genetic diversity of capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis in Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates","volume":"155","author":"Shu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"B235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2025.01.001","article-title":"Outbreak of carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a neurorehabilitation unit: genomic epidemiology reveals complex transmission pattern in a tertiary care hospital","volume":"41","author":"Silvotti","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist"},{"key":"B236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2024.100736","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae infections and phage therapy","volume":"52","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"B237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microb.2025.100289","article-title":"Virulence factors of Klebsiella pneumoniae : insights into canonical and emerging mechanisms driving pathogenicity and drug resistance","volume":"7","author":"Singh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbe"},{"key":"B238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148r","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004129","article-title":"Tracking a hospital outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae with whole-genome sequencing","volume":"4","author":"Snitkin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-12120-w","article-title":"Global burden of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections and antimicrobial resistance in 2019","volume":"25","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-023-02094-9","article-title":"Ceftazidime-avibactam alone or in combination with Aztreonam versus Polymyxins in the management of carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae nosocomial Infections (CAPRI study): a retrospective cohort study from South India","volume":"52","author":"Sree","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"B241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.11.017","article-title":"Phage therapy: from biological mechanisms to future directions","volume":"186","author":"Strathdee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02200","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02200-19","article-title":"Proteomic changes of Klebsiella pneumoniae in response to colistin treatment and crrB mutation-mediated colistin resistance","volume":"64","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B243","first-page":"671","article-title":"Navigating the landscape of Klebsiella pneumoniae : virulence pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance\u2014a comprehensive review","volume":"13","author":"Suresh","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Chem. Health Risks"},{"key":"B244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e23368","article-title":"Resistance to aminoglycoside and quinolone drugs among Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from northern Jordan","volume":"10","author":"Swedan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2013.06.014","article-title":"Dissemination of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates with various combinations of carbapenemases (NDM-1 and OXA-72) and 16S rRNA methylases (ArmA, RmtC and RmtF) in Nepal","volume":"42","author":"Tada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"B246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156292","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1156292","article-title":"Phage resistance formation and fitness costs of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae mediated by K2 capsule-specific phage and the corresponding mechanisms","volume":"14","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofab141","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab141","article-title":"Meropenem-vaborbactam as salvage therapy for ceftazidime-avibactam-, cefiderocol-resistant ST-512 Klebsiella pneumoniae \u2013producing KPC-31, a D179Y variant of KPC-3","volume":"8","author":"Tiseo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis"},{"key":"B248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7166","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c12123","article-title":"Tautomer-specific deacylation and \u03a9-loop flexibility explain the carbapenem-hydrolyzing broad-spectrum activity of the KPC-2 \u03b2-lactamase","volume":"145","author":"Tooke","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"B249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2019.04.002","article-title":"\u03b2-lactamases and \u03b2-lactamase inhibitors in the 21st century","volume":"431","author":"Tooke","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"001294","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.001294","volume":"10","author":"Tsang","year":"2024"},{"key":"B251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-024-04003-6","article-title":"Assessing the synergistic potential of bacteriophage endolysins and antimicrobial peptides for eradicating bacterial biofilms","volume":"206","author":"Tyagi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"B252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00517","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00517-20","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy of novel antimicrobial peptide AA139-nanomedicines in a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia-septicemia model in rats","volume":"64","author":"van der Weide","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2024.100505","volume":"14","author":"Van Giang","year":"2025"},{"key":"B254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.13.39","article-title":"Pharmacology of polymyxins: new insights into an \u2018old' class of antibiotics","volume":"8","author":"Velkov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"B255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-025-04603-w","article-title":"Comparative analysis of quorum sensing mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae : implications for antibiotic resistance","volume":"208","author":"Venkatesan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"B256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.4103\/ohbl.ohbl_2_25","volume":"6","author":"Verma","year":"2025"},{"key":"B257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2023-0057","article-title":"Ultrafast detection of \u03b2-lactamase resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae from blood culture by nanopore sequencing","volume":"18","author":"Vidal-Garc\u00eda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"B258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000004358","volume":"43","author":"Vijayakumar","year":"2024"},{"key":"B259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S344","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2019.09.91","article-title":"Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae-impact of infection-prevention and control interventions","volume":"7","author":"Vock","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med"},{"key":"B260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2023.107056","article-title":"Metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) reveals emerging infection induced by Klebsiella pneumoniae niae","volume":"63","author":"Wan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"B261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6278","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17176278","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2020"},{"key":"B262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589115","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.589115","article-title":"Application of TonB-dependent transporters in vaccine development of gram-negative bacteria","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278482","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1278482","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2023"},{"key":"B264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604763","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1604763","article-title":"Exploring current hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae infections: insights into pathogenesis, drug resistance, and vaccine prospects","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol"},{"key":"B265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3837","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15153837","article-title":"Precision medicine: disease subtyping and tailored treatment","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539554","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1539554","article-title":"Clinical characteristics, risk factors and prognosis of Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in patients with different states of immune function: a retrospective study","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24905","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.24905","article-title":"An allosteric transport mechanism for the AcrAB-TolC multidrug efflux pump","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Wantuch","year":"2023","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011367"},{"key":"B269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2015.1018825","article-title":"Is combination therapy for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae the new standard of care?","volume":"13","author":"Watkins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther."},{"key":"B270","year":"2015","journal-title":"Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance"},{"key":"B271","year":"2018","journal-title":"Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS) Report: Early Implementation 2017-2018"},{"key":"B272","volume-title":"Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS) Report: Early Implementation 2020","year":"2020"},{"key":"B273","volume-title":"Global Burden of Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance in 2019","year":""},{"key":"B274","year":"","journal-title":"Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) Report 2022"},{"key":"B275","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in Europe 2023\u20132021 Data"},{"key":"B276","unstructured":"Internet. Geneva\n          WHO\n          Seventy-seventh World Health Assembly Agenda Item 11.8: Antimicrobial Resistance: Accelerating National and Global Responses\n          \n          2025"},{"key":"B277","volume-title":"One Health Joint Plan of Action (2022\u20132026): Working Together for the Health of Humans, Animals, Plants and the Environment","year":"2022"},{"key":"B278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-023-00928-0","article-title":"Identification of three capsule depolymerases in a bacteriophage infecting Klebsiella pneumoniae capsular types K7, K20, and K27 and therapeutic application","volume":"30","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"B279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00115","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00115-18","article-title":"Metallo-\u03b2-lactamases and their bacterial producers in health care settings","volume":"32","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev"},{"key":"B280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2018.04.004","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae as a key trafficker of drug resistance genes from environmental to clinically important bacteria","volume":"45","author":"Wyres","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0315-1","volume":"18","author":"Wyres","year":"2020","journal-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae. Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11101286","article-title":"Surveillance and genomic analysis of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae complex in Germany","volume":"11","author":"Xanthopoulou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"B283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2025.128083","article-title":"Revisiting therapeutic options against resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection: phage therapy is key","volume":"293","author":"Xing","year":"","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"B284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2025.108689","article-title":"Phage therapy against Klebsiella pneumoniae : an evolving perspective","volume":"84","author":"Xing","year":"","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"B285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2439509","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2024.2439509","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide: mechanism in regulation of synthesis, virulence, and pathogenicity","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"B286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-04121-1","article-title":"Tigecycline antibacterial activity, clinical effectiveness, and mechanisms and epidemiology of resistance: narrative review","volume":"41","author":"Yaghoubi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-023-03362-5","volume":"80","author":"Yang","year":"2023"},{"key":"B288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlife.2025.06.005","volume":"3","author":"Yao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae. hLife"},{"key":"B289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4689","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S534490","article-title":"Hypervirulent carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection: epidemiology, virulence, resistance, and treatment","volume":"18","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"B290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Yu","year":"2025","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02957-24"},{"key":"B291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.03.007","article-title":"\u201cChapter Nine - Phages for treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections,\u201d","author":"Zaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science"},{"key":"B292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14010173","article-title":"Colistin resistance in gram-negative bacteria: mechanisms, transmission, and novel intervention strategies","volume":"14","author":"Zeb","year":"2026","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2023.01.017","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli","volume":"56","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect."},{"key":"B294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.2174\/0113816128343976241117183624","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae. Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"B295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.146159"},{"key":"B296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980191","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.980191","article-title":"Emergence of a NDM-1-producing ST25 Klebsiella pneumoniae strain causing neonatal sepsis in China","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol"},{"key":"B297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541704","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1541704","article-title":"Characterization of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in bloodstream infections: antibiotic resistance, virulence, and treatment strategies","volume":"15","author":"Zhong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1610625","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1610625","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo antibacterial efficacy of bacteriophage combined with tigecycline against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and characterization of phage resistant mutants","volume":"15","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1816741\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T13:27:42Z","timestamp":1786973262000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1816741\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"references-count":298,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1816741"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1816741","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"article-number":"1816741"}}