{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T15:00:50Z","timestamp":1785769250144,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Provincial Program on Platform and Talent Development of the Department of Science and Technology of Guizhou China","award":["[2019]5655"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2019]5655"]}]},{"name":"Provincial Program on Platform and Talent Development of the Department of Science and Technology of Guizhou China","award":["[2019]5617"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2019]5617"]}]},{"name":"Provincial Program on Platform and Talent Development of the Department of Science and Technology of Guizhou China","award":["[2017]5726-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2017]5726-21"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016698","name":"Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Karst Science Research Center of Guizhou Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U1812401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1812401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016698","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Bacteriophages have emerged as promising alternatives to pesticides for controlling bacterial pathogens in crops. Black rot, caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Xanthomonas campestris<\/jats:italic>\n                    pv.\n                    <jats:italic>campestris<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Xcc<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), is one of the most destructive bacterial diseases affecting cruciferous crops worldwide. In this study, a novel lytic bacteriophage, X1, infecting\n                    <jats:italic>Xcc<\/jats:italic>\n                    8004, was isolated from sediment collected in an oligotrophic karst cave. Phage X1 formed clear plaques and exhibited myovirus-like morphology with an icosahedral head and a contractile tail. Biological characterization revealed productive infection of the tested\n                    <jats:italic>Xcc<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains but no detectable lytic activity against the non-\n                    <jats:italic>Xcc<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains included in the limited host panel. Phage X1 showed rapid adsorption to\n                    <jats:italic>Xcc<\/jats:italic>\n                    8004 (&amp;gt; 99% within 10\u202fmin), a latent period of approximately 60\u202fmin, and a burst size of approximately 123 plaque-forming units per infected cell. Under laboratory conditions, the phage exhibited stable after incubation at 4\u201350\u202f\u00b0C, pH 5\u20139, chloroform exposure, and the tested UV-A\/UV-C irradiation regimes. Genome sequencing revealed that phage X1 harbors a large linear double-stranded DNA genome of 200,058 bp, encoding 311 predicted open reading frames and 34 tRNA genes. DRAM-v analysis identified 28 candidate auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs), potentially associated with host metabolic regulation and environmental adaptation. No recognizable antibiotic resistance, virulence, integrase, or lysogeny-associated genes were identified in its genome. Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses indicated that X1 is most closely related to\n                    <jats:italic>Xanthomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    phage BUDD within the class\n                    <jats:italic>Caudoviricetes<\/jats:italic>\n                    , but represents a distinct species-level genome based on intergenomic similarity. In controlled pot assays, preventive and therapeutic applications of X1 reduced lesion lengths by 88.27 and 73.25%, respectively, compared with\n                    <jats:italic>Xcc<\/jats:italic>\n                    -only treatment. Furthermore, preventive application treatment also reduced culturable\n                    <jats:italic>Xcc<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations to approximately one-fourth of the level observed after therapeutic treatment. These findings suggest that phage X1 has promising potential for further development as a phage-based biocontrol agent against cabbage black rot.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1827519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T05:45:33Z","timestamp":1783403133000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Genomic and biological characterization of a novel bacteriophage X1 infecting Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris with biocontrol potential against cabbage black rot"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Qingshan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ni","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuelian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities","place":["Duyun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leitao","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuangen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaosheng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingbei","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University","place":["Guiyang, China"]},{"name":"School of Biological Sciences and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities","place":["Duyun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D690","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac920","article-title":"CARD 2023: expanded curation, support for machine learning, and resistome prediction at the comprehensive antibiotic resistance database","volume":"51","author":"Alcock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics9030042","article-title":"Heavy metals and pesticides toxicity in agricultural soil and plants: ecological risks and human health implications","volume":"9","author":"Alengebawy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11061524","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of jumbo coliphage vB_EcoM_Lh1B as a promising therapeutic agent against chicken colibacillosis","volume":"11","author":"Alexyuk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool","volume":"215","author":"Altschul","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. 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