{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T06:30:55Z","timestamp":1786343455676,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Coelastrella thermophila<\/jats:italic>\n                      represents a highly promising microalgal platform for sustainable lutein production due to its thermotolerance, high biomass productivity, robust carotenoid biosynthetic capacity, and compatibility with carbon capture technologies. The integration of optimized cultivation strategies, advanced bioprocess engineering, and downstream processing technologies is expected to accelerate the commercialization of lutein production from this microalga, contributing to the growing global demand for natural, environmentally friendly carotenoid products.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Coelastrella thermophila<\/jats:italic>\n                      P2, isolated from marine brine samples collected at the CSIR-CSMCRI Experimental Salt Farm, was maintained axenically on Bold Basal Medium (BBM) and cultivated using a two-stage strategy to enhance lutein production. Initially, the strain was grown in modified CSMCRI P2 (Zarrouk\u2019s) medium under controlled conditions (16 h light\/8 h dark) to maximize biomass accumulation. During the second stage, late logarithmic-phase biomass was transferred to alkaline medium under optimized reactive oxygen species (ROS)-inducing conditions, combining high salinity and elevated pH to stimulate carotenoid biosynthesis. Purification of lutein was achieved using Fe\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      magnetic nanoparticles as selective adsorbents, followed by magnetic separation and desorption with tetrahydrofuran (THF). The purified lutein was characterized by UV\u2013Vis spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), while the synthesized Fe\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      nanoparticles were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Under optimized conditions,\n                      <jats:italic>Coelastrella thermophila<\/jats:italic>\n                      provided a biomass concentration of 1.1 g\/L with a highly enriched lutein fraction representing approximately 10% of the total carotenoid fraction, as confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, HPLC and NMR. Surprisingly, in the current process,\n                      <jats:italic>Coelastrella thermophila<\/jats:italic>\n                      produced only lutein, a carotenoid, at a higher concentration, thereby reducing downstream production costs. Further at downstream, reusable Fe3O4 nanoparticles were used to purify separate lutein from other cellular impurities in a cost-effective manner. This is the first report on biomanufacturing a major single pigment at higher concentration from microalgae, which can provide new insights into microalgal pigment production.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1833061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T06:15:35Z","timestamp":1786342535000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sustainable process for increased lutein production in green microalga Coelastrella thermophila"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sudipto","family":"Adhikary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute","place":["Bhavnagar, India"]},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus","place":["Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sejal","family":"Dangolia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute","place":["Bhavnagar, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirnalini","family":"Juyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus","place":["Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India"]},{"name":"Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum","place":["Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rushi","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute","place":["Bhavnagar, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debarati","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute","place":["Bhavnagar, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debashish","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus","place":["Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India"]},{"name":"Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum","place":["Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shreyansh","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intrinsic Foundries Inc.","place":["Boston, MA, United States"]},{"name":"Intrinsic Foundries, IIOT Innovation Private Limited","place":["Hazaribagh, Jharkhand, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sourish","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute","place":["Bhavnagar, India"]},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus","place":["Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32475","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-12950-6","article-title":"Effects of zinc and mercury on ROS-mediated oxidative stress-induced physiological impairments and antioxidant responses in the microalga Chlorella vulgaris","volume":"28","author":"Ajitha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. 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