{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:31:13Z","timestamp":1793039473824,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nocturnal hyperglycemia is a critical yet poorly controlled risk factor for complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), highlighting an unmet clinical need. The gut microbiota, a key regulator of host metabolism and circadian rhythms, has emerged as a pivotal player in this process, offering a novel therapeutic target. This article elaborates on the relationship between gut microbiota and nocturnal blood glucose control in T2DM from four key dimensions: the core gut microbiota-circadian clock, regulation by gut microbiota metabolites, the intestinal biological barrier, and neuroendocrine pathway mechanisms. Building on this, the article further explores gut microbiota-based intervention strategies: probiotic\/prebiotic supplementation, time-restricted eating (TRE), and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT). By integrating insights into the gut microbiota and circadian rhythms, this review proposes a novel therapeutic approach for patients with T2DM, offering concrete clinical guidance to improve nocturnal glycemic control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1834999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T08:23:21Z","timestamp":1781684601000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Circadian rhythms of gut microbiota modulate nocturnal hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a comprehensive review on mechanisms and chrono-targeted interventions"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Hanchi","family":"Ying","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University","place":["Ganzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University","place":["Ganzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University","place":["Ganzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yibo","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University","place":["Ganzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangyao","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University","place":["Ganzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University","place":["Ganzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoting","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Basic Medical Sciences, Gannan Medical University","place":["Ganzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12811","article-title":"Asynchronous rhythms of circulating conjugated and unconjugated bile acids in the modulation of human metabolism","volume":"284","author":"Al-Khaifi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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