{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T06:15:13Z","timestamp":1783318513463,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Brucellosis is a globally distributed zoonotic disease transmitted among livestock, wildlife, and humans, posing a substantial global public health challenge. However, the global distribution of brucellosis risk and its impacts across the human\u2013livestock\u2013wildlife interface remain insufficiently characterized. In this study, we developed a global ecological risk assessment framework to characterize the spatial distribution of brucellosis and its major environmental and anthropogenic drivers. Using a comprehensive global database of\n                    <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. occurrence records, we applied niche modeling approaches to predict disease suitability and quantify populations and animal species potentially exposed to brucellosis risk. The model demonstrated strong predictive performance (AUC\u202f=\u202f0.901) and identified Asia as the primary global hotspot, with additional high-risk areas located in eastern and western Africa. Population density, land cover, pasture, urban water, soil characteristics, and minimum temperature of the coldest month were identified as the major predictors shaping the global distribution of brucellosis risk. We estimated that approximately 58.3 to 61.5 million people and 1.03 to 1.22 billion livestock, including goats, sheep, cattle, and buffaloes, reside within high-risk areas. Furthermore, 5,212 mammal species showed spatial overlap with predicted brucellosis risk zones, including 214 threatened wild artiodactyl species. Several threatened species, such as\n                    <jats:italic>Panthera tigris<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Panthera pardus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Rusa unicolor<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Capricornis sumatraensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , were found to have substantial overlap with high-risk areas, suggesting potential exposure at the livestock\u2013wildlife interface. These findings reveal the extensive ecological footprint of brucellosis across human, livestock, and wildlife populations and highlight the importance of integrating wildlife conservation into brucellosis surveillance and control programs. The resulting global risk maps provide a valuable tool for One Health-based surveillance, targeted intervention, and conservation planning.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1844035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T05:37:21Z","timestamp":1783316241000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Global distribution and multidimensional risk assessment of brucellosis in humans, livestock, and wildlife"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jianxiang","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Medical Administration, The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruihao","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, One Health Center of Excellence for Research and Training, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]},{"name":"School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University","place":["Dongguan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center in Qinghai Province","place":["Xining, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixin","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Medical Administration, The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Medical Administration, The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.2478\/acve-2023-0025","article-title":"Modeling the current and future distribution of brucellosis under climate change scenarios in Qinghai Lake basin, China","volume":"73","author":"Arotolu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Vet. 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