{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:11:18Z","timestamp":1790655078127,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":266,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"\n Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when ingested in sufficient amounts, can have a beneficial impact on health. As crucial agents in maintaining gut homeostasis, enhancing immunity, and preventing of numerous diseases, they are fundamentally important. Probiotic function is based on pathogen inhibition, the release of antimicrobial substances, immune modulation, and the enhancement of the intestinal barrier integrity. Technological advances in the area, including molecular identification, microencapsulation methods, and metagenomics, have also been discussed. In addition, research methodologies for several subclasses of probiotics including\n Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n continually being investigated. The role of probiotics in health of human, along with existing challenges related to probiotic viability and strain specificity, has also been discussed. This review highlights the growing understanding of probiotics and underscores their potential for optimizing human health and therapeutic applications.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1847515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T06:02:45Z","timestamp":1780034565000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Probiotics: multifunctional microorganisms for human health and biotechnological applications"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mushtaq","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, MJP Rohilkhand University","place":["Bareilly, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alok","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Science, MJP Rohilkhand University","place":["Bareilly, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pankaj Kumar","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Science, MJP Rohilkhand University","place":["Bareilly, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-4337.2010.00135.x","article-title":"Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) as an emerging prebiotic: microbial synthesis, utilization, structural characterization, bioactive properties, and applications","volume":"10","author":"Aachary","year":"2011","journal-title":"Compr. 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