{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T07:06:31Z","timestamp":1784099191809,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013105","name":"Shanghai Rising-Star Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013105","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014137","name":"Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014137","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acne vulgaris is a prevalent chronic inflammatory skin disease, and Cutibacterium overproliferation is a core pathogenic factor, yet findings remain controversial, partly due to single anatomical area sampling bias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a crosssectional study with anatomically paired sampling across multiple facial anatomical areas in 85 subjects (30 healthy subjects, 55 acne subjects), analyzing 763 samples from 6 facial anatomical areas for 16S rRNA V4 region sequencing and microbial community analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At the whole-face level, acne subjects had a significantly higher relative abundance of Cutibacterium and Staphylococcus compared with healthy subjects. Critically, Cutibacterium enrichment was highly dependent on facial anatomical areas: only the forehead and glabella showed significant intergroup differences, with the forehead showing a 127% higher median relative abundance (adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.043) and the glabella showing a 53% higher median relative abundance (adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.043), while Staphylococcus enrichment was widespread (present in 5 of 6 areas, except the jaw), and Corynebacterium showed no intergroup differences in any facial area, although LEfSe classified it as a health-associated taxon. Tax4Fun-based functional prediction suggested upregulated antimicrobial resistance and adaptation pathways, and downregulated core metabolic pathways, in acne-associated microbiota.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates the facial anatomical area specificity of Cutibacterium enrichment, identifies the forehead and glabella as the areas with pronounced relative abundance differences between acne and healthy groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1853291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T06:11:01Z","timestamp":1784095861000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The forehead and glabella show pronounced Cutibacterium relative abundance differences between acne and healthy groups: a regional facial 16S rRNA gene sequencing study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Zha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yitao","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lechen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Szeman","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwu","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinran","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0063223","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00632-23","article-title":"Genomic characterization of the C. tuberculostearicum species complex, a prominent member of the human skin microbiome","volume":"8","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2882","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv287","article-title":"Tax4Fun: predicting functional profiles from metagenomic 16S rRNA data","volume":"31","author":"A\u00dfhauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39491","DOI":"10.1038\/srep39491","article-title":"The 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Dermatol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1853291\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T06:11:03Z","timestamp":1784095863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1853291\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1853291"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1853291","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"article-number":"1853291"}}