{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T06:52:23Z","timestamp":1781679143728,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Starfish overpopulation causes ecological and economic problems, and the collected biomass is typically discarded by incineration or landfilling. Given its high CaCO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      content and biodegradable fraction, starfish biomass could be valorized as a multifunctional additive in anaerobic digestion (AD). This study evaluated the buffering and recovery effects of starfish powder (SF) under starch-induced overloading.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Starfish (\n                      <jats:italic>Asterina pectinifera<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Asterias amurensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) were dried, pulverized (&amp;lt;1.7 mm), and characterized for physicochemical properties and theoretical biochemical methane potential (TBMP). Long-term (257 days) batch assays compared starch overload (30 g volatile solids (VS)\/L) alone, CaCO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      supplementation, and SF addition at equivalent or higher CaCO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      doses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      As a sole substrate, SF yielded 490 mL CH\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/g VS (59\u201373% of TBMP). Under starch overloading, CaCO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      supplementation failed to restore activity (\u22645.4% of expected yield), whereas SF enabled recovery with triphasic methane production, reaching 60\u201378% of the expected yield. Microscopy indicated more open pores with microbial colonization in the SF trials, and 16S rRNA sequencing analysis indicated a shift in fermentative bacterial communities accompanied by enrichment of hydrogenotrophic methanogens.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that SF promotes recovery through combined physicochemical buffering and microbial restructuring, serving as a slow-acting alkalinity source in overloaded digesters where long-term stability is prioritized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1853600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T05:55:44Z","timestamp":1781675744000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Methanogenic recovery under organic overload using starfish-derived powder"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Hyeongyu","family":"An","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy System Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju","place":["Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juhee","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Future Convergence Technology Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju","place":["Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilho","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy System Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju","place":["Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minjae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kentucky","place":["Lexington, KY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Mi","family":"Triolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy System Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju","place":["Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Future Convergence Technology Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju","place":["Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Gu","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy System Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju","place":["Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Future Convergence Technology Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju","place":["Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2011.07.121","article-title":"Anaerobic digestion in global bio-energy production: potential and research challenges.","volume":"15","author":"Appels","year":"2011","journal-title":"Renew. 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