{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T06:19:48Z","timestamp":1787552388574,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Aeromonas hydrophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    induces tissue swelling, necrosis, ulcers, and hemorrhagic septicemia in grass carp, causing significant economic losses. Quorum sensing, a communication mechanism among microorganisms, plays a key role in microbial ecological competition and dynamic equilibrium. Quorum quenching has emerged as a hot spot in anti-bacterial infection research. In this study, grass carp (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f=\u202f75 per group) were intraperitoneally injected with\n                    <jats:italic>A. hydrophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the quorum quenching enzyme YtnP. The expression levels of immune-related genes were assessed by qPCR. The intestinal microbiota was sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 6,000 platform, with subsequent bioinformatics analysis. Co-treatment with YtnP significantly improved the survival rate of grass carp infected with\n                    <jats:italic>A. hydrophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    , increasing the survival rate from 57% in the AH group (\n                    <jats:italic>A. hydrophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    -infected only) to 87% in the AY group (co-administration of\n                    <jats:italic>A. hydrophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    and YtnP). Analysis of immune-related gene expression showed that the AH group exhibited early upregulation of the pro-inflammatory IL-1\u03b2 and TNF-\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , whereas the AY group showed increased expression of IFN-\u03b31, IL-6, IL-15, and IL-10, suggesting that YtnP contributed to immune regulation. Microbiota analysis revealed\n                    <jats:italic>A. hydrophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection caused dysbiosis, with a significant increase in the relative abundance of\n                    <jats:italic>Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    and significant decreases in\n                    <jats:italic>Fusobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Actinobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    . YtnP treatment significantly restored the abundance of\n                    <jats:italic>Fusobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Actinobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    and altered predicted metabolic pathways related to aromatic compound metabolism and enterobactin biosynthesis, suggesting a potential role in modulating intestinal microbial community structure during\n                    <jats:italic>A. hydrophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. By blocking bacterial virulence signal transmission and restructuring the intestinal microbiota toward probiotic enrichment, YtnP enhanced the host\u2019s innate immune response to\n                    <jats:italic>A. hydrophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    and restored host-microbiota homeostasis. This study establishes YtnP as a potential antimicrobial agent for sustainable aquaculture and provides a theoretical foundation for the quorum quenching-based immune-microbiota interaction mechanism in fish.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1853827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T05:32:28Z","timestamp":1787549548000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of quorum quenching enzyme YtnP on immune response and intestinal microbiota in Aeromonas hydrophila-infected grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Huifang","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"National Pathogen Collection for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai 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China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiyi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"National Pathogen Collection for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"China-ASEAN \"The Belt and Road\" Joint Laboratory of Marine Culture Technology (Shanghai)","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyi","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"National Pathogen Collection for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"China-ASEAN \"The Belt and Road\" Joint Laboratory of Marine Culture Technology (Shanghai)","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"National Pathogen Collection for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"China-ASEAN \"The Belt and Road\" Joint Laboratory of Marine Culture Technology (Shanghai)","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anli","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"National Pathogen Collection for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"China-ASEAN \"The Belt and Road\" Joint Laboratory of Marine Culture Technology (Shanghai)","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zengfu","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"National Pathogen Collection for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"China-ASEAN \"The Belt and Road\" 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