{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T06:48:27Z","timestamp":1782197307428,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Enhanced benthic weathering (EBW) is a promising marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) strategy, where alkaline minerals are added to the seafloor. Upon weathering, these artificially deposited minerals release alkalinity to the water column, which ultimately leads to CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      uptake from the atmosphere. However, feedbacks of the benthic bacterial community to this mCDR approach remain unknown.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate the effects of EBW, sediment core incubations with added alkalizing minerals were carried out and shifts in bacterial communities identified and linked to sedimentary properties. Surface sediments with supernatant water from a seasonally hypoxic basin in the Baltic Sea off the eastern coast of northern Germany were collected and either calcite (limestone) or silicate (dunite) added and kept under oxic (avg. 263\u202f\u00b1\u202f34\u202f\u03bcM O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) or oxygen-limited (0 to maximum 162\u202f\u03bcM O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) conditions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Bacterial surface sediment communities responded to the different oxygen availabilities in the overlying bottom waters independent of the mineral addition as reflected in cluster formation via Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA). Although, by contrast, mineral addition induced less pronounced changes, the relative abundances of several rare taxa changed significantly, such as chemolithoautotrophs associated with the sulfur and nitrogen cycles.\n                      <jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      Electrothrix was selectively promoted by calcite addition under oxygen-limited conditions in two of three cores, whereas\n                      <jats:italic>Nitrosomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      exhibited increased growth tendencies following dunite addition under both oxic and oxygen depleted bottom water conditions. Sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) of\n                      <jats:italic>Beggiatoaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      declined under oxygenated water conditions, independent of the type of mineral added. The dunite amendment was associated with an increase in other SOB while calcite amendment led to the enrichment of organotrophic taxa.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings provide important insights into the response of microbial communities to EBW, but also highlight the necessity of field-based studies to accurately assess the effects of EBW on coastal ecosystems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1854407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T06:19:41Z","timestamp":1782195581000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microbial responses to ocean alkalinity enhancement in seasonally hypoxic coastal sediments"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Stefanie","family":"B\u00f6hnke-Brandt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geomicrobiology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel","place":["Kiel, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"B\u00e4hrle-Wunsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geomicrobiology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel","place":["Kiel, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Fuhr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Benthic Biogeochemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel","place":["Kiel, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew W.","family":"Dale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Benthic Biogeochemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel","place":["Kiel, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janina","family":"Fu\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Competence Centre for Genomic Analysis (CCGA), Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Kiel University","place":["Kiel, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Geilert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University","place":["Utrecht, Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Perner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geomicrobiology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel","place":["Kiel, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Seasonal hypoxia at a coastal study site in the Baltic Sea serves as a model for predicting future climate driven deoxygenation and sulfide expansion in bottom waters","author":"Alampalli","year":"","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. R. Statist. Soc. Ser. B"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2296","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02296","article-title":"Parameters governing the community structure and element turnover in Kermadec volcanic ash and hydrothermal fluids as monitored by inorganic electron donor consumption, autotrophic CO2 fixation and 16S tags of the transcriptome in incubation experiments","volume":"10","author":"B\u00f6hnke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0470-z","article-title":"Optimizing taxonomic classification of marker-gene amplicon sequences with QIIME 2\u2019s q2-feature-classifier plugin","volume":"6","author":"Bokulich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","article-title":"Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2","volume":"37","author":"Bolyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2020.590258","article-title":"Marine heatwaves, sewage and eutrophication combine to trigger deoxygenation and biodiversity loss: a SW Atlantic case study","volume":"7","author":"Brauko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaam7240","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam7240","article-title":"Declining oxygen in the global ocean and coastal waters","volume":"359","author":"Breitburg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2024.108615","article-title":"Electrogenic sulfur oxidation by cable bacteria in two seasonally hypoxic coastal systems","volume":"297","author":"Burdorf","year":"2024","journal-title":"Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581\u2013+","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869","article-title":"DADA2: high-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data","volume":"13","author":"Callahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.5661\/bger-26-335","article-title":"Functional metagenomics: recent advances and future challenges","volume":"26","author":"Chistoserdova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.174312","article-title":"Low-abundant but highly transcriptionally active uncharacterised Nitrosomonas drive ammonia-oxidation in the Brouage mudflat France","volume":"946","author":"Cholet","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-10-629-2013","article-title":"Modeling benthic\u2013pelagic nutrient exchange processes and porewater distributions in a seasonally hypoxic sediment: evidence for massive phosphate release by Beggiatoa?","volume":"10","author":"Dale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-024-01569-3","article-title":"Seafloor alkalinity enhancement as a carbon dioxide removal strategy in the Baltic Sea","volume":"5","author":"Dale","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun. Earth Environ."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2011.05.016","article-title":"Rates and regulation of nitrogen cycling in seasonally hypoxic sediments during winter (Boknis Eck, SW Baltic Sea): sensitivity to environmental variables","volume":"95","author":"Dale","year":"2011","journal-title":"Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr.2016.02.013","article-title":"Biological nitrate transport in sediments on the Peruvian margin mitigates benthic sulfide emissions and drives pelagic N loss during stagnation events","volume":"112","author":"Dale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Deep-Sea Res. I Oceanogr. Res. Pap."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2014.02.026","article-title":"Benthic nitrogen fluxes and fractionation of nitrate in the Mauritanian oxygen minimum zone (eastern tropical North Atlantic)","volume":"134","author":"Dale","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00743","article-title":"Benthic ammonia oxidizers differ in community structure and biogeochemical potential across a riverine delta","volume":"5","author":"Damashek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21068","article-title":"Recent increase in oceanic carbon uptake driven by weaker upper-ocean overturning","volume":"542","author":"DeVries","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4203(93)90198-W","article-title":"The measurement of sea water pH","volume":"44","author":"Dickson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mar. Chem."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4243","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-18-4243-2021","article-title":"Retracing hypoxia in Eckernf\u00f6rde bight (Baltic Sea)","volume":"18","author":"Dietze","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.112408.134208","article-title":"Iron-oxidizing bacteria: an environmental and genomic perspective","volume":"64","author":"Emerson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-025-02079-6","article-title":"Calcite is an efficient and low-cost material to enhance benthic weathering in shelf sediments of the Baltic Sea","volume":"6","author":"Fuhr","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun. Earth Environ."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245580","DOI":"10.3389\/fclim.2023.1245580","article-title":"Disentangling artificial and natural benthic weathering in organic rich Baltic Sea sediments","volume":"5","author":"Fuhr","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Climate"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.3389\/fclim.2024.1338556","article-title":"Alkaline mineral addition to anoxic to hypoxic Baltic Sea sediments as a potentially efficient CO2-removal technique","volume":"6","author":"Fuhr","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Climate"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2018.00337","article-title":"Ocean solutions to address climate change and its effects on marine ecosystems","volume":"5","author":"Gattuso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-16-811-2019","article-title":"Mineral formation induced by cable bacteria performing long-distance electron transport in marine sediments","volume":"16","author":"Geerlings","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-022-00381-x","article-title":"Trends and variability in the ocean carbon sink","volume":"4","author":"Gruber","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Earth Environ."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06592","article-title":"An earth-system perspective of the global nitrogen cycle","volume":"451","author":"Gruber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1006\/jmsc.1999.0629","article-title":"Seasonal and long-term control of the bottom water oxygen deficiency in a stratified shallow water coastal system","volume":"56","author":"Hansen","year":"1999","journal-title":"ICES J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"RG4004","DOI":"10.1029\/2010RG000345","article-title":"Global surface temperature change","volume":"48","author":"Hansen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Geophys."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29442","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-80451-w","article-title":"Enhanced warming and bacterial biomass production as key factors for coastal hypoxia in the southwestern Baltic Sea","volume":"14","author":"Hepach","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.1999.tb00414.x","article-title":"Nitrogen cycling in coastal marine ecosystems","volume":"23","author":"Herbert","year":"1999","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7494","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b01665","article-title":"Abundance and biogeochemical impact of cable bacteria in Baltic Sea sediments","volume":"53","author":"Hermans","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1093\/envhis\/emv005","article-title":"This is nature; this is un-nature: reading the keeling curve","volume":"20","author":"Howe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Hist."},{"key":"ref35","volume-title":"Global Warming of 1.5\u00b0C: IPCC Special Seport on Impacts of Global warming of 1.5\u00b0C above pre-Industrial Levels in context of Strengthening Response to Climate Change, Sustainable Development, and Efforts to Eradicate Poverty","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"115","article-title":"Determination of the alkalinity of seawater","volume":"110","author":"Ivanenkov","year":"1978","journal-title":"Methods Hydrochem. Stud. Ocean"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4351","DOI":"10.1021\/ac960091b","article-title":"An Amperometric microsensor for the determination of H2S in aquatic environments","volume":"68","author":"Jeroschewski","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Exchanges of atmospheric CO2 and 13CO2 with the terrestrial biosphere and oceans from 1978 to 2000","author":"Keeling","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-5442(95)00035-F","article-title":"Sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide by increasing ocean alkalinity","volume":"20","author":"Kheshgi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19116","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1903514116","article-title":"On the evolution and physiology of cable bacteria","volume":"116","author":"Kjeldsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks808","article-title":"Evaluation of general 16S ribosomal RNA gene PCR primers for classical and next-generation sequencing-based diversity studies","volume":"41","author":"Klindworth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14009","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/8\/1\/014009","article-title":"Geoengineering impact of open ocean dissolution of olivine on atmospheric CO2, surface ocean pH and marine biology","volume":"8","author":"K\u00f6hler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-137-7-1689","article-title":"Classification of eight new species of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria: Nitrosomonas communis sp. nov., Nitrosomonas ureae sp. nov., Nitrosomonas aestuarii sp. nov., Nitrosomonas marina sp. nov., Nitrosomonas nitrosa sp. nov., Nitrosomonas eutropha sp. nov., Nitrosomonas oligotropha sp. nov. and Nitrosomonas halophila sp. nov","volume":"137","author":"Koops","year":"1991","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11099-017-0685-4","article-title":"Carbonic anhydrase \u2014 a universal enzyme of the carbon-based life","volume":"55","author":"Kupriyanova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Photosynthetica"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-marine-040324-020707","article-title":"The changing Baltic Sea: between nutrient load reduction and a warming climate","volume":"18","author":"Kuss","year":"2026","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6323","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-11-6323-2014","article-title":"Long-term trends at the Boknis Eck time series station (Baltic Sea), 1957\u20132013: does climate change counteract the decline in eutrophication?","volume":"11","author":"Lennartz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fiaa255","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiaa255","article-title":"Microeco: an R package for data mining in microbial community ecology","volume":"97","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5064","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.10.5064-5081.2002","article-title":"Oligonucleotide microarray for 16S rRNA gene-based detection of all recognized lineages of sulfate-reducing prokaryotes in the environment","volume":"68","author":"Loy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L14810","DOI":"10.1029\/2006GL026152","article-title":"Law dome CO2, CH4 and N2O ice core records extended to 2000 years BP","volume":"33","author":"MacFarling Meure","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115520","article-title":"Parallel artificial and biological electric circuits power petroleum decontamination: the case of snorkel and cable bacteria","volume":"173","author":"Marzocchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2014.19","article-title":"Electric coupling between distant nitrate reduction and sulfide oxidation in marine sediment","volume":"8","author":"Marzocchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-012-1954-1","article-title":"Future Ocean acidification will be amplified by hypoxia in coastal habitats","volume":"160","author":"Melzner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20160905","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2016.0905","article-title":"Negative CO2 emissions via enhanced silicate weathering in coastal environments","volume":"13","author":"Meysman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Lett."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1988.33.2.0269","article-title":"The dissociation of hydrogen sulfide in seawater","volume":"33","author":"Millero","year":"1988","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3960","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b05942","article-title":"Olivine dissolution in seawater: implications for CO2 sequestration through enhanced weathering in coastal environments","volume":"51","author":"Montserrat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2018.00176","article-title":"Metrology for pH measurements in brackish waters\u2014part 1: extending electrochemical pHT measurements of TRIS buffers to salinities","volume":"5","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00002","article-title":"Past, present and future eutrophication status of the Baltic Sea","volume":"6","author":"Murray","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08790","article-title":"Electric currents couple spatially separated biogeochemical processes in marine sediment","volume":"463","author":"Nielsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"2825","article-title":"Scikit-learn: machine learning in Python","volume":"12","author":"Pedregosa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096062","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1096062","article-title":"Environmental changes affect the microbial release of hydrogen sulfide and methane from sediments at Boknis Eck (SW Baltic Sea)","volume":"13","author":"Perner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3094","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.6.3094-3101.2002","article-title":"Fluorescence in situ hybridization and catalyzed reporter deposition for the identification of marine bacteria","volume":"68","author":"Pernthaler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/20859","article-title":"Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica","volume":"399","author":"Petit","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11586","article-title":"Filamentous bacteria transport electrons over centimetre distances","volume":"491","author":"Pfeffer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marchem.2014.03.003","article-title":"Measurement of pHT values of Tris buffers in artificial seawater at varying mole ratios of Tris:Tris\u00b7HCl","volume":"162","author":"Pratt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mar. Chem."},{"key":"ref611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2007.50","article-title":"Biological and chemical sulfide oxidation in a Beggiatoa inhabited marine sediment","volume":"1","author":"Preisler","year":"2007","journal-title":"The ISME Journal"},{"key":"ref65","volume-title":"The Prokaryotes: Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria","author":"Prosser","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D590","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219","article-title":"The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools","volume":"41","author":"Quast","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2015.09.014","article-title":"The impact of electrogenic sulfide oxidation on elemental cycling and solute fluxes in coastal sediment","volume":"172","author":"Rao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1002\/2016RG000533","article-title":"Assessing Ocean alkalinity for carbon sequestration","volume":"55","author":"Renforth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Geophys."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4107","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.27382-0","article-title":"Denitrification and ammonia oxidation by Nitrosomonas europaea wild-type, and NirK- and NorB-deficient mutants","volume":"150","author":"Schmidt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21399","article-title":"Decline in global oceanic oxygen content during the past five decades","volume":"542","author":"Schmidtko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.55.1.105","article-title":"Big bacteria","volume":"55","author":"Schulz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R60","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2011-12-6-r60","article-title":"Metagenomic biomarker discovery and explanation","volume":"12","author":"Segata","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70256","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.70256","article-title":"Warming causes a decline in Baltic Sea coastal sediment microbial abundance","volume":"28","author":"Seidel","year":"2026","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13278","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1510152112","article-title":"Cable bacteria generate a firewall against euxinia in seasonally hypoxic basins","volume":"112","author":"Seitaj","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1890\/1051-0761(2006)016[2064:DALAWA]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Dentitrification across landscapes and waterscapes: a synthesis","volume":"16","author":"Seitzinger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201913413","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1913413116","article-title":"Cable bacteria, living electrical conduits in the microbial world","volume":"116","author":"Teske","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref77","first-page":"93","article-title":"The Family Beggiatoaceae","volume-title":"The Prokaryotes: Gammaproteobacteria,","author":"Teske","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref78","volume-title":"Treatise on Water Science","author":"Thiele","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-68747-z","article-title":"Ammonia oxidizers offset acidification stress via adaptive substrate affinity in aquatic ecosystems","volume":"17","author":"Tong","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3390\/cli9050081","article-title":"Global surface temperature: a new insight","volume":"9","author":"Valipour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Climate"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968069","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2022.968069","article-title":"Erosion of carbonate-bearing sedimentary rocks may close the alkalinity budget of the Baltic Sea and support atmospheric CO2 uptake in coastal seas","volume":"9","author":"Wallmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.990140205","article-title":"Optimizing fluorescent in situ hybridization with rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes for flow cytometric identification of microorganisms","volume":"14","author":"Wallner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cytometry"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2025.117477","article-title":"Research progress on ammonia oxidizing microorganisms: the discovery, nitrogen metabolic pathways, influencing factors and contribution rate","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref84","first-page":"346","volume-title":"CO","author":"Zeebe","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161168","article-title":"The iron \u201credox battery\u201d in sandy sediments: its impact on organic matter remineralization and phosphorus cycling","volume":"865","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1854407\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T06:19:44Z","timestamp":1782195584000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1854407\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"references-count":86,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1854407"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1854407","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"article-number":"1854407"}}