{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T13:59:04Z","timestamp":1790949544466,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Over the past decade, the understanding of the role of microorganisms in health and disease has expanded considerably, with many of the beneficial effects traditionally attributed to probiotics now also being associated with their metabolites, collectively referred to as postbiotics. In this context, postbiotics are increasingly being explored as complementary components of broader microbiome-centered strategies. Fermentation supernatants are commonly regarded as industrial by-products; however, they contain a diverse repertoire of microbially derived metabolites with potential biological relevance. The valorization of these fermentation streams therefore represents a promising strategy for identifying novel compounds capable of modulating host physiology. Five food-grade microorganisms-\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus amylovorus<\/jats:italic>\n                    SGL 14,\n                    <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium breve<\/jats:italic>\n                    SGB 01,\n                    <jats:italic>Lentilactobacillus kefiri<\/jats:italic>\n                    SGL 13,\n                    <jats:italic>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    SGL 07, and\n                    <jats:italic>Ligilactobacillus salivarius<\/jats:italic>\n                    SGL 03-were cultured under standardized conditions, and their cell-free supernatants were characterized using untargeted metabolomics to identify differential metabolic profiles. Each strain displayed a distinctive metabolomic signature enriched in metabolites previously associated in the literature with potential biological activities. Collectively, the identified compounds have been linked to antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, neuroactive, antioxidant, epithelial-supportive, and metabolic functions. However, the present study did not include direct functional validation of these activities, and the proposed biological relevance of the detected metabolites should therefore be considered putative and inferred from previous literature evidence. Overall, untargeted metabolomics\/lipidomics revealed that fermentation media derived from food-grade microorganisms represent a valuable and underexplored source of multifunctional metabolites with potential postbiotic applications. These findings support the concept of valorizing microbial fermentation by-products as sustainable reservoirs of biologically relevant molecules within a circular bioeconomy framework. In industrial settings, fermentation broths traditionally considered waste streams may be recovered and repurposed, potentially reducing disposal costs and environmental impact. Furthermore, optimization of fermentation processes prior to large-scale metabolite production will be essential to maximize yield, improve process efficiency, and support their future development for nutraceutical and health-related applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1854827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T13:51:46Z","timestamp":1790949106000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Untargeted metabolomics reveals distinct metabolic profiles and putative bioactive metabolites in cell-free supernatants of food-grade microorganisms"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Denise","family":"Drago","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility (ProMeFa), Center for Omics Sciences (COSR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute","place":["Milan, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Marini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NTP Biotech S.r.l.","place":["Teramo, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Bafile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PNK Farmaceutici S.p.A.","place":["Teramo, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Federici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PNK Farmaceutici S.p.A.","place":["Teramo, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radmila","family":"Pavlovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility (ProMeFa), Center for Omics Sciences (COSR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute","place":["Milan, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marynka","family":"Ulaszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility (ProMeFa), Center for Omics Sciences (COSR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute","place":["Milan, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Frigerio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility (ProMeFa), Center for Omics Sciences (COSR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute","place":["Milan, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Manna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PNK Farmaceutici S.p.A.","place":["Teramo, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annapaola","family":"Andolfo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility (ProMeFa), Center for Omics Sciences (COSR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute","place":["Milan, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2850","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12152850","article-title":"A comprehensive review of bioactive compounds from lactic acid bacteria: potential functions as functional food in dietetics and the food industry","volume":"12","author":"Abdul Hakim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00521-6","article-title":"Postbiotics - when simplification fails to clarify","volume":"18","author":"Aguilar-Toal\u00e1","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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