{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T05:19:00Z","timestamp":1788153540175,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Macrophomina phaseolina<\/jats:italic>\n                    causes crown and root rot disease in strawberry (\n                    <jats:italic>Fragaria<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:italic>ananassa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and has become more damaging with increasing temperatures in strawberry-growing areas worldwide. Little is known about the molecular events during\n                    <jats:italic>M. phaseolina<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in strawberry, such as transcriptional changes at elevated temperatures and different stages of infection. To fill this knowledge gap, we analyzed transcriptional changes during\n                    <jats:italic>M. phaseolina<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in strawberry plants grown in controlled environments with high (30\u00b0C) and low (23\u00b0C) daytime temperature regimes. At high temperatures, plants had more severe crown\/root necrosis, wilting, and accelerated disease progress compared to plants incubated at low temperature. Based on the composite analysis of the temperature treatments, transcriptional changes in\n                    <jats:italic>M. phaseolina<\/jats:italic>\n                    and strawberry were greatly influenced by disease stage, with each stage having distinct expression patterns of specific gene classes. In\n                    <jats:italic>M. phaseolina<\/jats:italic>\n                    , effector-encoding genes were highly enriched and expressed at the early disease stage, whereas during necrotrophy at mid-infection, secondary metabolite-encoding genes were highly upregulated. Carbohydrate active enzyme (CAZyme) expression was enriched at late infection. These patterns of gene enrichment and expression suggest\n                    <jats:italic>M. phaseolina<\/jats:italic>\n                    has a hemibiotrophic lifestyle during strawberry infection. Under high temperature,\n                    <jats:italic>M. phaseolina<\/jats:italic>\n                    pathogenicity-associated genes were upregulated while immunity-related genes in strawberry were downregulated, suggesting that increased disease severity under this treatment is at least partially attributed to susceptibility-related plant responses. Our study is the first to characterize the\n                    <jats:italic>M. phaseolina<\/jats:italic>\n                    -strawberry interaction using transcriptomics and to investigate mechanisms by which high temperature affects\n                    <jats:italic>M. phaseolina<\/jats:italic>\n                    pathogenesis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1856252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T04:29:41Z","timestamp":1788150581000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Macrophomina phaseolina expresses sequential waves of effector, secondary metabolite, and CAZyme genes during strawberry infection, suggesting a hemibiotrophic lifestyle"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Christine Jade","family":"Dilla-Ermita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis","place":["Davis, CA, United States"]},{"name":"Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, USDA-ARS","place":["Salinas, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayla K.","family":"Pennerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Program, Stockton University","place":["Galloway, NJ, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Bjornson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis","place":["Davis, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, USDA-ARS","place":["Salinas, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoey","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, USDA-ARS","place":["Salinas, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, USDA-ARS","place":["Salinas, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Polly","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, USDA-ARS","place":["Salinas, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lacey","family":"Prescott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, USDA-ARS","place":["Salinas, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Lopez-Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, USDA-ARS","place":["Salinas, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Sillers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis","place":["Davis, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell J.","family":"Feldmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis","place":["Davis, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter M.","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, USDA-ARS","place":["Salinas, CA, United States"]},{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis","place":["Davis, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0471249688","volume-title":"Categorical Data Analysis","author":"Agresti","year":"2002"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1080\/03235400903052945","article-title":"Temperature response, pathogenicity, seed infection and mutant evaluation against Macrophomina phaseolina causing charcoal rot disease of sesame.","volume":"44","author":"Akhtar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. 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