{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T09:02:36Z","timestamp":1781686956401,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a major opportunistic pathogen associated with dairy production systems, where it contributes to intramammary infections and may enter the food chain through contaminated milk. The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant strains underscores the need for alternative biocontrol strategies. Here, we report the isolation and comprehensive characterization of a novel lytic bacteriophage, vB_SauP-INT105, obtained from wastewater in Extremadura, Spain.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Plaque morphology revealed a distinctive three-zone halo pattern suggestive of phage-encoded exopolysaccharide depolymerase activity, confirmed by bioinformatic prediction of two candidate depolymerase-encoding ORFs. Electron microscopy showed a bacteriophage with an icosahedral head and a short non-contractile tail. The phage exhibited lytic activity against 86.5% of 37 dairy-associated\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates tested. One-step growth analysis revealed a latency period of ~40 minutes and a burst size of ~23 PFU\/cell. The phage showed robust stability across a wide range of temperatures and pH values relevant to dairy-processing conditions, retaining viability over 20 months at 4 \u00b0C. Genome sequencing revealed a 17.45 kb dsDNA genome encoding 20 ORFs, with no detectable genes associated with virulence, lysogeny, or antibiotic resistance. Phylogenetic analysis placed INT105 as a novel species within the\n                      <jats:italic>Rosenblumvirus<\/jats:italic>\n                      genus. Antibiofilm assays demonstrated significant reductions in viable cell counts in two\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains with contrasting biofilm phenotypes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results establish INT105 as a genomically safe, environmentally robust and functionally effective phage with strong potential for biocontrol applications in dairy-production environments and broader food-safety and clinical contexts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1856705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T08:48:41Z","timestamp":1781686121000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phenotypic and genomic characterization of vB_SauP-INT105, an exopolysaccharide depolymerase-encoding lytic short-tailed phage with antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Pinilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y Tecnol\u00f3gicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX)","place":["Badajoz, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y Tecnol\u00f3gicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX)","place":["Badajoz, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Gen\u00e9tica, Universidad de Extremadura","place":["Badajoz, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Magdalena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Productos L\u00e1cteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC)","place":["Oviedo, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Productos L\u00e1cteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC)","place":["Oviedo, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Productos L\u00e1cteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC)","place":["Oviedo, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Tabla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y Tecnol\u00f3gicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX)","place":["Badajoz, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12040723","article-title":"Bacteriophage adsorption: likelihood of virion encounter with bacteria and other factors affecting rates","volume":"12","author":"Abedon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antibiotics."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1071\/MA11090","article-title":"Bacteriophage taxonomy","volume":"91","author":"Ackermann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microbiol. 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