{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T06:12:43Z","timestamp":1788502363460,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains have potential plant growth-promoting properties but may harbor virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants. This study characterized the rhizosphere-derived\n                      <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic>\n                      CBS-B5 strain to assess its functional potential and biosafety-related features.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CBS-B5, isolated from sugar beet rhizosphere, was characterized using an integrated multi-omics approach combining phenotypic assays, whole-genome sequencing, phylogenomic and comparative genomic analyses, and metabolomic profiling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CBS-B5 exhibited visible growth under elevated salinity conditions, demonstrated recovery following heat stress exposure, and strong biofilm formation, but no detectable phosphate solubilization. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a 5.02 Mb genome with 35% GC content, 100% completeness, and 0.03% contamination. Phylogenomic analysis placed CBS-B5 within the\n                      <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic>\n                      group. Comparative genomic and functional analyses indicated genomic stability, metabolic versatility, stress-adaptation potential, and diverse biosynthetic gene clusters. Genome plasticity was supported by the presence of mobile genetic elements and horizontal gene transfer events affecting approximately 16% of the proteome. Metabolomic analysis confirmed active metabolic processes, including nitrogen recycling, osmoprotection, and transformation of plant-derived compounds under laboratory conditions. Although virulence-associated genes, including\n                      <jats:italic>nheABC, cytK<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>inhA<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and \u03b2-hemolytic activity were detected, AMR and virulence determinants showed limited potential for horizontal dissemination. Similarly, AMR genes exhibited low mobility potential and minimal phenotypic resistance beyond intrinsic traits.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, CBS-B5 combines genomic stability, metabolic flexibility, and ecological adaptability. From a One Health perspective, the genomic analyses suggest a limited potential for horizontal dissemination of antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants. However, the presence of chromosomally encoded toxin-associated genes and \u03b2-hemolytic activity indicates that additional biosafety evaluation is required before agricultural application.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1857756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T05:29:49Z","timestamp":1788499789000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi-omics characterization of a rhizosphere-derived Bacillus cereus CBS-B5 strain reveals genomic stability, metabolic versatility, and biosafety-related genomic features for agricultural applications"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Al-Sayed","family":"Al-Soudy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical and Biochemical Sciences-Green Process Engineering, College of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University","place":["Benguerir, Morocco"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wessam M.","family":"Rslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center","place":["Giza, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bouchra","family":"Soulaimani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agrobiosciences Program, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic","place":["Ben Guerir, Morocco"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Hajjaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical and Biochemical Sciences-Green Process Engineering, College of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University","place":["Benguerir, Morocco"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haytham M.","family":"Abd-Elhalim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center","place":["Giza, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Badr Eddine","family":"Drissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agrobiosciences Program, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic","place":["Ben Guerir, Morocco"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansour","family":"Sobeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agrobiosciences Program, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic","place":["Ben Guerir, Morocco"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachid","family":"Daoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical and Biochemical Sciences-Green Process Engineering, College of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University","place":["Benguerir, Morocco"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachid","family":"Benhida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical and Biochemical Sciences-Green Process Engineering, College of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University","place":["Benguerir, Morocco"]},{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, Nice UMR7272, C\u00f4te d'Azur University, French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS)","place":["Nice, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morad M.","family":"Mokhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical and Biochemical Sciences-Green Process Engineering, College of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University","place":["Benguerir, Morocco"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcab.2021.101911","article-title":"Reduction of heavy metals bioaccumulation in sorghum and its rhizosphere by heavy metals-tolerant bacterial consortium","volume":"31","author":"Abou-Aly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biocatal. 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