{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T15:42:25Z","timestamp":1786635745935,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Soil organic carbon (C) is a critical component of terrestrial ecosystem C pools, playing a vital role in maintaining soil fertility, supporting sustainable agricultural development, and mitigating global climate change. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the pathways and effects of straw return and organic fertilizer application on soil C sequestration is essential. Straw return introduces exogenous C inputs that stimulate microbial activity and promote the formation of stable organic C fractions, although its decomposition is initially constrained by nitrogen (N) limitation. In contrast, organic fertilizer provides readily available stable C sources and essential nutrients, thereby enhancing soil aggregation and C stabilization. The combined application of straw return and organic fertilizer produces significant synergistic effects on soil C sequestration. Organic fertilizer alleviates microbial N deficiency caused by the high C to N ratio (C\/N) of straw, facilitating more efficient straw decomposition and nutrient release. Simultaneously, it improves the functional structure of soil microbial communities, promoting the formation of mineral-associated organic C and strengthening aggregate-protected C pools. This integrated management strategy enhances short-term nutrient cycling while contributing to long-term C sequestration, offering substantial potential for advancing sustainable agriculture and climate change mitigation. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis for addressing the microbial mechanisms underlying the synergistic effect of straw returning to the soil and organic fertilizer application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1858111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T14:49:16Z","timestamp":1786632556000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Straw return and organic fertilization promote soil organic carbon sequestration through microbes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University","place":["Fengyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueqing","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University","place":["Fengyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University","place":["Fengyang, China"]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Fertiliser Utilisation and Cultivated Land Quality Improvement of Agricultural Waste","place":["Fengyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzhi","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University","place":["Fengyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianfei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University","place":["Fengyang, China"]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Fertiliser Utilisation and Cultivated Land Quality Improvement of Agricultural Waste","place":["Fengyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.33619\/2414-2948\/68\/08","article-title":"Effect of organic and mineral fertilizers on the accumulation of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the surface mass in cover crop of alfalfa","volume":"7","author":"Allahverdiyev","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bull. Sci. Pract."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.103944","article-title":"Improving soil fertility with organic fertilizers","author":"Brempong","year":"2022","journal-title":"New Generation Organic Fertilizers"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae8020152","article-title":"Organic fertilization of growing media: response of N mineralization to temperature and moisture","volume":"8","author":"Cannavo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Horticulturae"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy14081668","article-title":"Effects of straw return rate on soil physicochemical properties and yield in paddy fields","volume":"14","author":"Che","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04514","article-title":"Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change","volume":"440","author":"Davidson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3390\/nitrogen5010004","article-title":"Influence of soil type and temperature on nitrogen mineralization from organic fertilizers","volume":"5","author":"De Jesus","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nitrogen"},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"Effects of continuous straw return on soil organic carbon sequestration and saturation in a wheat-cotton double cropping system","author":"Fang","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.19336\/j.cnki.trtb.2003.06.018","article-title":"The progress of study on soil organic carbon dynamics in cropland","volume":"6","author":"Fang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chin. J. Soil Sci."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.16423\/j.cnki.1003-8701.2015.01.025","article-title":"Community composition of biological diversity in microbial inoculum for maize straw decomposition and their effect in methane gas production","volume":"40","author":"Feng","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Jilin Agric. Sci."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507535103","article-title":"The diversity and biogeography of soil bacterial communities","volume":"103","author":"Fierer","year":"2006","journal-title":"P"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1080\/00103624.2011.581719","article-title":"Mineralization and nutrient release of an organic fertilizer made by flour, meat, and crop residues in two vineyard soils with different pH levels","volume":"42","author":"Garz\u00f3n","year":"2011","journal-title":"Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1999.6351188x","article-title":"Bacterial and fungal cell-wall residues in conventional and no-tillage agroecosystems","volume":"63","author":"Guggenberger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4035","DOI":"10.3864\/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.20.009","article-title":"Effects of long-term straw return and nitrogen application rate on organic carbon storage, components and aggregates in cultivated layers","volume":"56","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Agric. Sin."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedsph.2024.10.010","article-title":"Root traits determine the effects of organic amendments on aggregate organic carbon by regulating microbial multitrophic networks","volume":"36","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pedosphere"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.11942\/j.issn1002-2767.2024.11.0019","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the effects of soil microorganisms on the carbon transformation and accumulation characteristics of crop residues","volume":"11","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heilongjiang Agric. Sci."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1004213929699","article-title":"The capacity of soils to preserve organic C and N by their association with clay and silt particles","volume":"191","author":"Hassink","year":"1997","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedobi.2023.150913","article-title":"The effects of straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer application on soil labile organic carbon fractions and carbon pool management index in a rice\u2013wheat rotation system","volume":"101","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pedobiologia"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2555","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.70141","article-title":"Differential effects of roots and symbiotic fungal hyphae on soil organic carbon under straw incorporation","volume":"62","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2024.106037","article-title":"Microbial role in enhancing transfer of straw-derived nitrogen to wheat under nitrogen fertilization","volume":"239","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soil Till. Res."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2021.105171","article-title":"Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nutrients, and yield under different straw returning methods","volume":"214","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soil Till. Res."},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"103","article-title":"Research status and development exploration of straw utilization technology and straw crushing equipment","volume":"2","author":"Ji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agricultural Development Equipment."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecohyd.2013.03.006","article-title":"Food security in a changing climate","volume":"13","author":"Lal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecohydrol. Hydrobiol."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy14040698","article-title":"The fate and challenges of the main nutrients in returned straw: a basic review","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.11674\/zwyf.2012.11063","article-title":"A review on nitrogen mineralization of organic manure and affecting factors","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Nutr. Fertil. Sci."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70179","DOI":"10.1002\/AGJ2.70179","article-title":"Manure application mitigates soil organic carbon loss from decade-long Stover removal in no-till continuous corn","volume":"117","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Agron. J."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161865","article-title":"Microbial nutrient limitations limit carbon sequestration but promote nitrogen and phosphorus cycling: a case study in an agroecosystem with long-term straw return","volume":"870","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy13020291","article-title":"Long-term organic amendments combined with nitrogen fertilization regulates soil organic carbon sequestration in calcareous soil","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2020.104879","article-title":"Straw alters the soil organic carbon composition and microbial community under different tillage practices in a meadow soil in Northeast China","volume":"208","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17105","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2017.105","article-title":"The importance of anabolism in microbial control over soil carbon storage","volume":"2","author":"Liang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2024.106360","article-title":"Drivers of soil quality and maize yield under long-term tillage and straw incorporation in Mollisols","volume":"246","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-023-06439-z","article-title":"Straw incorporation and nitrogen fertilization enhance soil carbon sequestration by altering soil aggregate and microbial community composition in saline-alkali soil","volume":"498","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252\u2013106580","DOI":"10.1016\/J.STILL.2025.106580","article-title":"Vertical dynamics of soil organic carbon sequestration under contrasting groundwater table levels after 35-year straw return","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soil Till. Res."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.11841\/j.issn.1007-4333.2023.10.02","article-title":"Decomposition characteristics of maize straw and its effect on nitrogen utilization of maize in black soil region","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. China Agric. Univ."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2974","DOI":"10.13344\/j.microbiol.china.200320","article-title":"Succession of microbial community structure and their functions of biological soil crusts in temperate desert: a review","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiol. China"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy15071703","article-title":"Organic nitrogen substitution enhances carbon sequestration but increases greenhouse gas emissions in maize cropping systems","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2011.01.007","article-title":"Return rate of straw residue affects soil organic c sequestration by chemical fertilization","volume":"113","author":"Lou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soil Till. Res."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.04.023","article-title":"Microbial extracellular enzymes in biogeochemical cycling of ecosystems","volume":"197","author":"Luo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230\u2013105699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2023.105699","article-title":"Annual burying of straw after pelletizing: a novel and feasible way to improve soil fertility and productivity in Northeast China","author":"Lv","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soil Till. Res."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2023.107774","article-title":"Response of soil aggregation and associated organic carbon to organic amendment and its controls: a global meta-analysis","volume":"237","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2024.116883","article-title":"Microbial adaption to stoichiometric imbalances regulated the size of soil mineral-associated organic carbon pool under continuous organic amendments","volume":"445","author":"Mao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252\u2013106624","DOI":"10.1016\/J.STILL.2025.106624","article-title":"Co-utilization of green manure with straw return enhances the stability of soil organic carbon by regulating iron-mediated stabilization of aggregate-associated organic carbon in paddy soil","author":"Mehran","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soil Till. Res."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2024.109360","article-title":"Nutrient limitation of soil organic carbon stocks under straw return","volume":"192","author":"Mo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.11975\/j.issn.1002-6819.202303020","article-title":"Meta analysis of the effects of global organic material returning on soil organic carbonsequestration in Mollisols","volume":"39","author":"Pei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trans. CSAE"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.63072\/aab.22003","article-title":"A comprehensive review on sustainable management of rice straw for resource conservation and environmental protection","volume":"5","author":"Qasim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Agric. Biol."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4879","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00702-09","article-title":"Succession of bacterial populations during plant residue decomposition in rice field soil","volume":"75","author":"Rui","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microb."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.19336\/j.cnki.trtb.2022070601","article-title":"Effects of straw addition on stability of soil aggregates and contribution of organic carbon under different fertilization treatments in black soil","volume":"54","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Soil Sci."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1739110","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1739110","article-title":"Keystone roles of carbon-degrading enzyme activities in mediating carbon in soils subjected to straw return: a global meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Somchanh","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2024.108050","article-title":"Straw return with fertilizer improves soil CO2 emissions by mitigating microbial nitrogen limitation during the winter wheat season","volume":"241","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.54691\/fse.v3i11.5707","article-title":"Research progress on soil carbon sequestration in dry farmland","volume":"3","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Science Engineering"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.11686\/cyxb2024358","article-title":"Differences in enzyme activity and bacterial community structure in rhizosphere soil of four grass species","volume":"34","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Pratacult. Sin."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy14071584","article-title":"Managing residue return increases soil organic carbon, total nitrogen in the soil aggregate, and the grain yield of winter wheat","volume":"14","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2020.104708","article-title":"Construction of modern wide, low-inflation pressure tyres per se does not affect soil stress","volume":"204","author":"Ten Damme","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soil Till. Res."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.2307\/20456570","article-title":"Effects of residue quality and climate on plant residue decomposition and nutrient release along the transect from humid forest to Sahel of West Africa","volume":"86","author":"Tian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.11674\/zwyf.2024027","article-title":"Research advances on the effect and mechanism of green manure on improving soil carbon sequestration in cropland","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Plant Nutrition Fertilizers."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2025.109758","article-title":"Influence of long-term in organic fertilization and straw in corporation on soil organic carbon: roles of enzyme activity, labile organic carbon fractions, soil aggregates, and microbial traits","volume":"392","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eja.2025.127879","article-title":"Interactive effects of tillage and straw return on crop productivity and soil carbon sequestration in a wheat\u2013maize rotation","volume":"172","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur. J. Agron."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.13327\/j.jjlau.2022.1932","article-title":"Response of soil organic carbon to exogenous carbon input under different fertility levels and microbiological mechanism of soil carbon sequestration","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Jilin Agric. Univ."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.11674\/zwyf.2024597","article-title":"Soil properties affect straw carbon and nitrogen transformation characteristics by shaping straw-decomposing microbial communities","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Plant Nutr. Fertil."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy14010179","article-title":"Enhancing soil aggregation and organic carbon retention in greenhouse vegetable production through reductive soil disinfestation with straw and fertiliser: a comprehensive study","volume":"14","author":"Wen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy15061424","article-title":"The contribution of microbial- and plant-derived carbon to soil organic carbon fractions and stability under manure application combined with straw incorporation","volume":"15","author":"Wen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2009.08.002","article-title":"Changes in the soil microbial community structure with latitude in eastern China, based on phospholipid fatty acid analysis","volume":"43","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.11963\/cc20220224","article-title":"Effects of long-term cotton straw returning and chicken manure application on cotton yield and organic carbon and nitrogen contents in soil","volume":"50","author":"Xi","year":"2023","journal-title":"China Cotton"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127918","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EJA.2025.127918","article-title":"Patterns and drivers of organic carbon sequestration efficiency within soil aggregates under straw return across the croplands of China","volume":"173","author":"Xu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur. J. Agron."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11942\/j.issnl002-2767.2018,07.0001","article-title":"The effects of cultivation and straw return methods on root microorganisms and enzyme activities in continuous corn fields","volume":"7","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s10705-010-9370-8","article-title":"Placement effects on rice residue decomposition and nutrient dynamics on two soil types during wheat cropping in rice\u2013wheat system in northwestern India","volume":"88","author":"Yadvinder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2025.110015","article-title":"Straw return improves soil multifunctionality by altering functional microbial diversity and abundance","volume":"396","author":"Yan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2021.105316","article-title":"Long-term ditch-buried straw return increases functionality of soil microbial communities","volume":"202","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2020.104656","article-title":"The impacts of ditch-buried straw layers on the interface soil physicochemical and microbial properties in a rice-wheat rotation system","volume":"202","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soil Till. Res."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.13758\/j.cnki.tr.2015.06.011","article-title":"The influence of soil texture on the decomposition of straw and its microbial mechanism","volume":"47","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soil"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-020-01899-8","article-title":"Effects of long-term straw retention on soil microorganisms under a rice\u2013wheat cropping system","volume":"202","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy13082108","article-title":"Organic material addition optimizes soil structure by enhancing copiotrophic bacterial abundances of nitrogen cycling microorganisms in Northeast China","volume":"13","author":"Yue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.11654\/jaes.2020-0886","article-title":"Chemical methods to determine soil organic carbon fractions and carbon indexes: a review","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Agro-Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.11766\/trxb201810210315","article-title":"Characteristics of plant straw decomposition and the response of microbial community changes","volume":"56","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Pedol. Sin."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.11766\/trxb201311010504","article-title":"Research on the decomposition characteristics of different plant straw and the functional diversity of soil microorganisms","volume":"51","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Pedol. Sin."},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy10070951","article-title":"Influence of tillage, straw-returning and mineral fertilization on the stability and associated organic content of soil aggregates in the North China plain","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2024.120903","article-title":"Continuous straw returning enhances the carbon sequestration potential of soil aggregates by altering the quality and stability of organic carbon","volume":"358","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2024.109484","article-title":"The effects of straw return on soil bacterial diversity and functional profiles: a meta-analysis","volume":"195","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1007-5739.2023.13.038","article-title":"Research progress on the turnover and stability of soil carbon pool under combined application of straw and nitrogen fertilizer","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Modern Agricultural Science Technology"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"1","article-title":"Study on the influence mechanism of straw returning management mode on soil organic matter","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Tianjin University Technology"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13020","DOI":"10.1111\/sum.13020","article-title":"Subsoil SOC increased by high C: N ratio straw application with optimized nitrogen supplementation","volume":"40","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soil Use Manag."},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.11674\/zwyf.2012.11318","article-title":"Carbon and nitrogen mineralization characteristics of different types of organic manures","volume":"18","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Nutrition Fertilizer Science"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.13758\/j.cnki.tr.2015.05.016","article-title":"The influence of temperature and moisture on the functional diversity of microbial communities degrading straw","volume":"47","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soil"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.13758\/j.cnki.tr.2024.04.009","article-title":"Effects of long-term fertilization on soil labile organic carbon content and carbon pool management index in greenhouse","volume":"56","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soil"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1858111\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T14:49:45Z","timestamp":1786632585000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1858111\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1858111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1858111","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"article-number":"1858111"}}