{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:27:49Z","timestamp":1790735269696,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The application of bacteriophages in food systems requires evaluation under conditions that reflect realistic storage scenarios. This study evaluated two lytic bacteriophages, SW03 and CF03, targeting\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                      and Escherichia coli O157:H7, respectively, as potential biocontrol agents in food matrices.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Phage SW03, isolated from municipal sewage, and phage CF03, isolated from camel feces, were assessed in artificially contaminated beef, chicken, and lettuce stored at 4 and 21 \u00b0C. High initial bacterial loads were used to simulate stringent contamination conditions. Antibacterial activity was evaluated during storage, and biofilm reduction was assessed using crystal violet staining. Key biological characteristics, including MOI, one-step growth, adsorption kinetics, and thermal stability, were also evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both phages reduced bacterial populations across all tested matrices, with detectable antibacterial activity after 4 h and greater reductions after 24 h. The highest reductions were observed in lettuce samples at 21 \u00b0C, reaching approximately 4.0 and 3.5 log CFU g\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      for SW03 and CF03, respectively. At 4 \u00b0C, both phages retained measurable antibacterial activity, although reductions were lower and varied according to the food matrix. SW03 exhibited faster propagation and higher maximal titers than CF03, and both phages reduced preformed biofilm biomass.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of SW03 and CF03 under food-relevant storage conditions with high initial bacterial loads and support their potential use as biocontrol agents in food systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1858265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T05:46:42Z","timestamp":1781848002000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Efficacy of Salmonella enterica phage SW03 and Escherichia coli O157:H7 phage CF03 in food matrices under storage conditions"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ohood","family":"Sallam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University","place":["Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed T.","family":"Shaaban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University","place":["Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tareq M.","family":"Osaili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah","place":["Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah","place":["Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"]},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology","place":["Irbid, Jordan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amany A. M.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University","place":["Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman","family":"Fayad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University","place":["Taif, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hana","family":"Alsufyani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University","place":["Taif, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maha","family":"Alsunbul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid M.","family":"Alsyaad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University","place":["Abha, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Hamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah","place":["Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"El-Keblawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah","place":["Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"]},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Salam University","place":["Tanta, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00981","article-title":"Phage therapy: past, present and future","volume":"8","author":"Abedon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. 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