{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T10:50:39Z","timestamp":1782471039942,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n Bamboo clum powder is an unconventional feed ingredient rich in insoluble dietary fiber, and its potential application and optimal inclusion level in laying hen diets remain unclear. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with micronized bamboo powder (MBP) on laying performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and cecal microbiota in late-laying hens, and to determine its appropriate inclusion level.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A total of 480 42-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly allocated into 4 groups with 5 replicates of 24 hens each. The trial hens were fed a basal diet (CON) or basal diets supplemented with 2% (TRE1), 3% (TRE2), or 4% (TRE3) MBP for 28\u202fdays following a 7-day adaptation period.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Compared with the CON group, the TRE3 group exhibited a significantly lower laying rate during days 15\u201328 and the overall experimental period of 1\u201328 d (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f&lt;\u202f0.05), while no significant differences were observed between the TRE1, TRE2, and CON groups (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f&gt;\u202f0.05). Moreover, the TRE3 group had significantly lower egg mass during days 15\u201328 and days 1\u201328 compared with the CON and TRE1 groups (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f&lt;\u202f0.05). Treatments had no significant effect on serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, total protein or glucose levels (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n &gt;\u202f0.05). The TRE3 group showed significantly lower apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude ash, crude protein, and gross energy compared to the CON group (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f&lt;\u202f0.05). Intestinal histological analysis revealed that the TRE3 group had significantly greater duodenal and ileal wall thickness than the CON group (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f&lt;\u202f0.05). Conversely, the TRE1 and TRE2 groups exhibited significantly higher jejunal villus height compared to the CON group (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f&lt;\u202f0.05). 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of cecal microbiota indicated that dietary supplementation with MBP altered microbial diversity and composition. Specifically, the Sobs, Ace, and Chao indices were significantly lower in the TRE1 group than those in the CON group (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f&lt;\u202f0.05). At the phylum level, the relative abundance of\n Actinobacteriota<\/jats:italic>\n was significantly higher in the TRE1 and TRE3 groups that in the CON group (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f&lt;\u202f0.05). At the genus level, the proportion of\n WPS-2<\/jats:italic>\n in the TRE2 group was significantly higher than that in the CON group (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f&lt;\u202f0.05), while the proportion of\n Clostridia_UCG-014<\/jats:italic>\n in the TRE3 group was significantly lower than that in the CON group (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f&lt;\u202f0.05). Correlation analysis further revealed that the abundances of\n Ruminococcus_torques_group<\/jats:italic>\n and\n NK4A214_group<\/jats:italic>\n (phylum\n Firmicutes<\/jats:italic>\n ) were significantly negatively correlated with daily feed intake, whereas\n Blautia<\/jats:italic>\n showed a significant positive correlation with daily feed intake (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f&lt;\u202f0.05). Moreover, the abundance of\n NK4A214_group<\/jats:italic>\n was significantly negatively correlated with feed efficiency, while the abundance of\n Olsenella<\/jats:italic>\n (phylum\n Actinobacteriota<\/jats:italic>\n ) was significantly positively correlated with feed efficiency (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f&lt;\u202f0.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion<\/jats:title>\n In conclusion, excessive supplementation of MBP (4%) led to thickened intestinal walls, decreased nutrient utilization, and reduced laying rate and egg mass in hens, which may be associated with a reduction in the abundance of beneficial cecal bacteria. Moderate MBP supplementation (2\u20133%) as a partial substitute for corn had no adverse effects on performance, despite some changes in digestibility and microbiota. This suggests that MBP has potential as an alternative feed ingredient for corn in laying hen diets, but its inclusion level requires careful consideration.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1865359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T05:30:42Z","timestamp":1781760642000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of micronized bamboo powder on performance, nutrient utilization, intestinal histology, and cecal microbiota in laying hens"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Fawen","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Leshan Normal University","place":["Leshan, Sichuan, China"]},{"name":"Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Innovative Development of Bamboo Fiber Nutrition","place":["Leshan, Sichuan, China"]},{"name":"Bamboo Resource Conservation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province","place":["Leshan, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Leshan Normal University","place":["Leshan, Sichuan, China"]},{"name":"Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Innovative Development of Bamboo Fiber Nutrition","place":["Leshan, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muqu","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Leshan Normal University","place":["Leshan, Sichuan, China"]},{"name":"Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Innovative Development of Bamboo Fiber Nutrition","place":["Leshan, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Leshan Normal University","place":["Leshan, Sichuan, China"]},{"name":"Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Innovative Development of Bamboo Fiber Nutrition","place":["Leshan, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Leshan Normal University","place":["Leshan, Sichuan, China"]},{"name":"Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Innovative Development of Bamboo Fiber Nutrition","place":["Leshan, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Leshan Normal University","place":["Leshan, Sichuan, China"]},{"name":"Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Innovative Development of Bamboo Fiber Nutrition","place":["Leshan, Sichuan, China"]},{"name":"Bamboo Resource Conservation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province","place":["Leshan, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Nong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Leshan Normal University","place":["Leshan, Sichuan, China"]},{"name":"Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Innovative Development of Bamboo Fiber Nutrition","place":["Leshan, Sichuan, China"]},{"name":"Bamboo Resource Conservation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province","place":["Leshan, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaojun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Leshan Normal University","place":["Leshan, Sichuan, China"]},{"name":"Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Innovative Development of Bamboo Fiber Nutrition","place":["Leshan, Sichuan, China"]},{"name":"Bamboo Resource Conservation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province","place":["Leshan, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.12.033","article-title":"The effects of the fiber source and xylanase supplementation on production, egg quality, digestibility, and intestinal morphology in the aged laying hen","volume":"100","author":"Abdollahi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult. 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