{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T16:13:50Z","timestamp":1786464830934,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress that severely restricts crop productivity by disrupting ionic balance, inducing osmotic stress, and promoting oxidative damage. Black gram (\n                    <jats:italic>Vigna mungo<\/jats:italic>\n                    L.), an important pulse crop, is highly sensitive to salinity, resulting in reduced growth, physiological performance, and yield. The present study evaluated the efficacy of a compatible multi-strain HPGPB consortium comprising MKM3 (\n                    <jats:italic>Halobacillus marinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), MKM4 (\n                    <jats:italic>Halobacillus halophilus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and MKM11 (\n                    <jats:italic>Halobacillus halophilus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in enhancing salinity tolerance in two black gram varieties (VBN8 and VBN11) under greenhouse conditions. Plants were subjected to 50 and 100 mM NaCl stress, with and without consortium inoculation, in a completely randomized design. Salinity stress significantly reduced plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, biomass, nutrient uptake, and grain yield, while increasing Na\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and osmotic stress markers. Consortium inoculation effectively mitigated these adverse effects by improving plant height, root development, biomass, and grain yield by up to 46 and 38%, respectively, under saline conditions. Consortium-inoculated plants exhibited improved photosynthetic performance, enhanced nutrient uptake and ionic balance, reduced Na\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    accumulation and malondialdehyde content, and increased activities of antioxidant enzymes, indicating enhanced salinity tolerance. Among the tested varieties, VBN11 exhibited greater salinity tolerance and a stronger response to consortium inoculation than VBN8. Rhizosphere metagenomic analysis revealed consortium-associated shifts in microbial community structure under saline conditions. Collectively, the results demonstrate that the HPGPB consortium enhances salinity tolerance through coordinated physiological, biochemical, and microbiome-associated mechanisms. These findings highlight the potential of HPGPB consortia as sustainable bioinoculants for improving black gram productivity in salt-affected agroecosystems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1878014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T13:58:07Z","timestamp":1786456687000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Halophilic plant growth-promoting bacterial consortium reshapes soil microbiota to enhance salinity tolerance, antioxidant defense, and yield in Vigna mungo L."],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Raphael","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning (VAIAL), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore","place":["Tamil Nadu, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theivasigamani","family":"Parthasarathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning (VAIAL), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore","place":["Tamil Nadu, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stress.2024.100482","article-title":"Halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria improve soil fertility and plant salinity tolerance for sustainable agriculture\u2014A review.","volume":"12","author":"AbuQamar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Stress"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1007\/s40011-013-0281-8","article-title":"Rapid in vitro plant regeneration of black gram (Vigna mungo L. 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