{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:30:36Z","timestamp":1786980636794,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Aconitum kusnezoffii<\/jats:italic>\n                      Reichb. is a commonly used medicinal herb in Mongolian medicine (a branch of traditional Chinese medicine). Processing\n                      <jats:italic>A. kusnezoffii<\/jats:italic>\n                      with a decoction of\n                      <jats:italic>Terminalia chebula<\/jats:italic>\n                      Retz. represents a characteristic and widely applied detoxification method in Mongolian medicine practice. This processing technique can reduce the toxicity of\n                      <jats:italic>A. kusnezoffii<\/jats:italic>\n                      . However, the underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently understood.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Normal Sprague\u2013Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the control (Ctrl), raw\n                      <jats:italic>A. kusnezoffii<\/jats:italic>\n                      (SCW), and\n                      <jats:italic>Terminalia chebula<\/jats:italic>\n                      decoction-processed\n                      <jats:italic>A. kusnezoffii<\/jats:italic>\n                      (HZZCW) groups. The metabolic profiles of rat feces and intestinal microbiota were detected. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;amp;E) staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to verify the toxicity of\n                      <jats:italic>A. kusnezoffii<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Western blot (WB) and RT-qPCR were used to assess the expression of the PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway. In addition, a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model was established to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Metabolomic analysis revealed that processing\n                      <jats:italic>A. kusnezoffii<\/jats:italic>\n                      with\n                      <jats:italic>Terminalia chebula<\/jats:italic>\n                      decoction significantly altered metabolic pathways, particularly those related to ubiquinone biosynthesis, porphyrin and pyrimidine metabolism. The results of 16S rDNA sequencing showed that the processed product markedly changed the \u03b1-diversity of the gut microbiota and reduced the relative abundance of Xanthomonas and Corynebacterium. Pharmacodynamic evaluation indicated that HZZCW reduced the toxicity of raw\n                      <jats:italic>A. kusnezoffii<\/jats:italic>\n                      by regulating the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), while activating the PI3K\/AKT pathway to maintain its therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, the CIA model confirmed its significant anti-inflammatory activity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Terminalia chebula<\/jats:italic>\n                      Decoction-processed\n                      <jats:italic>A. kusnezoffii<\/jats:italic>\n                      may exert its pharmacodynamic effects through multiple mechanisms, including modulation of ubiquinone biosynthesis, porphyrin metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism, regulation of the intestinal microbiota, and activation of the PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1879939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T13:58:20Z","timestamp":1785851900000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Terminalia chebula decoction-processed Aconitum kusnezoffii preserves therapeutic effects through regulation of metabolism and intestinal microbiota"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Rina","family":"Sa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"]},{"name":"Medical Simulation Center, Inner Mongolia Medical University","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gege","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasila","family":"Ba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Center, Inner Mongolia Traditional Chinese & Mongolian Medical Research Institute","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongchang","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Center, Inner Mongolia Traditional Chinese & Mongolian Medical Research Institute","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liwei","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rigen","family":"Te","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riliga","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huricha","family":"Baigude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University","place":["Hohhot, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Innovation Center for Nationalities, Inner Mongolia Medical University","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2021.111521","article-title":"Coenzyme Q(10) supplementation \u2013 in ageing and disease","volume":"197","author":"Aaseth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mech. 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