{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T06:01:26Z","timestamp":1785391286178,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Identifying safe probiotic strains with potent antimicrobial activity is essential for the development of next-generation microbial therapeutics. Here we report a novel sapropel-derived strain,\n                    <jats:italic>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) JH-N1, exhibiting antibacterial activity together with favorable probiotic traits.\n                    <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    safety evaluation showed no mucin degradation, \u03b2-haemolytic activity or cytotoxic effects on Caco-2 cells.\n                    <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    JH-N1 displayed marked tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal stress, surviving exposure to pH 2 and bile salts, and showed strong cell-surface hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation and co-aggregation with multiple pathogens. The strain also adhered efficiently to Caco-2 cells and remained susceptible to most clinically relevant antibiotics.\n                    <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , acute and subacute toxicity studies in mice revealed no adverse effects on body weight, organ indices, tissue histology, hematological parameters or serum biochemical markers. Notably,\n                    <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    JH-N1 improved intestinal morphology by promoting villus development and increasing crypt depth in multiple gut segments. Moreover, administration of\n                    <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    JH-N1 reshaped the gut microbiota, increasing beneficial bacterial populations while reducing potentially harmful taxa. Together, these findings identify\n                    <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    JH-N1 as a safe and functionally robust probiotic candidate with promise for animal husbandry and biomedical applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1881881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T05:40:07Z","timestamp":1785390007000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A sapropel-derived Lactiplantibacillus plantarum with antimicrobial activity improves intestinal architecture and remodels gut microbiota"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Chongkai","family":"Zhai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The 989th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army","place":["Luoyang, China"]},{"name":"College of Food and Drugs, Luoyang Polytechnic","place":["Luoyang, China"]},{"name":"Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province","place":["Luoyang, China"]},{"name":"The Geographical Indication Medicines and Life Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province","place":["Luoyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhui","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology\/Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology","place":["Luoyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghua","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The 989th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army","place":["Luoyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hewei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food and Drugs, Luoyang Polytechnic","place":["Luoyang, China"]},{"name":"Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province","place":["Luoyang, China"]},{"name":"The Geographical Indication Medicines and Life Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province","place":["Luoyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuchao","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food and Drugs, Luoyang Polytechnic","place":["Luoyang, China"]},{"name":"Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province","place":["Luoyang, China"]},{"name":"The Geographical Indication Medicines and Life Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province","place":["Luoyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengshui","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology\/Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology","place":["Luoyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The 989th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army","place":["Luoyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11786302251357775","DOI":"10.1177\/11786302251357775","article-title":"Antibiotic use in livestock and environmental antibiotic resistance: a narrative review","volume":"19","author":"Abate","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. 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