{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T10:02:22Z","timestamp":1784628142616,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>High-altitude areas (\u22652500 m) are characterized by low oxygen concentrations, which leads more people affected by high uronic acid in the blood. This review systematically investigates the \u201cgut microbiota-uric acid metabolism axis\u201d as a potential target for inhibiting Hyperuricemia (HUA). This review introduces the four functions of the axis: direct reduction of uric acid, intestinal excretion, regulation of uricase expression, and the intestinal-renal axis signal; then investigates how hypoxia alters all of these paths. In addition, this review illustrates how this axis is related to the classical metabolic pathway of purine synthesis, renal excretion, lactate metabolism, inflammatory-oxidative stress and genetic susceptibility. Adaptation difference: Native highlanders and migrants show different degrees of adjustment to life in the mountains, and migrants are relatively more prone to axis dysfunction. Finally, this review introduces targeted intervention strategies, such as probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and their combination with uric acid-lowering or anti-inflammatory drugs, and put forward a population-stratified precision intervention framework. Overall, this paper provides a theoretical foundation and novel direction for understanding and preventing plateau HUA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1882007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T09:14:38Z","timestamp":1784625278000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The role of the gut microbiota-uric acid metabolism axis in high-altitude hyperuricemia: dysregulation mechanisms, pathway associations and therapeutic perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Chuankai","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Graduate School, Xinjiang Medical University","place":["\u00dcr\u00fcmqi, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Medicine of Xinjiang, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command","place":["\u00dcr\u00fcmqi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lemeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University","place":["\u00dcr\u00fcmqi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenping","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Medicine of Xinjiang, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command","place":["\u00dcr\u00fcmqi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University","place":["\u00dcr\u00fcmqi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University","place":["\u00dcr\u00fcmqi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wuhui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Medicine of Xinjiang, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command","place":["\u00dcr\u00fcmqi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Medicine of Xinjiang, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command","place":["\u00dcr\u00fcmqi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.16249\/j.cnki.2096-4617.2025.04.009","article-title":"Analysis of hyperuricemia prevalence and influencing factors among college students in plateau areas.","volume":"9","author":"An","year":"","journal-title":"Plateau Sci. Res."},{"key":"B2","first-page":"88","article-title":"Prevalence and influencing factors of hyperuricemia among college students in plateau areas.","volume":"9","author":"An","year":"","journal-title":"Plateau Sci. Res."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2504115","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2504115","article-title":"Anaerobutyricum soehngenii improves glycemic control and other markers of cardio-metabolic health in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes.","volume":"17","author":"Attaye","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110719","article-title":"Chicory ameliorates hyperuricemia via modulating gut microbiota and alleviating LPS\/TLR4 axis in quail.","volume":"131","author":"Bian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B5","first-page":"64","article-title":"Observation of the effects of exercise and dietary intervention on hyperuricemia and gout in plateau areas.","volume":"21","author":"C","year":"2011","journal-title":"Southwest Natl. Defense Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2025.105076","article-title":"Uric acid metabolism regulation mechanism by probiotics and prebiotics: From a new perspective.","volume":"161","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110068","article-title":"Factors involved in low susceptibility to COVID-19: An adaptation of high altitude inhabitants.","volume":"143","author":"Choquenaira-Quispe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215763","article-title":"Metagenomic analysis revealed the potential role of gut microbiome in gout.","volume":"7","author":"Chu","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1772631","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1772631","article-title":"Complex interactions of gut-derived short-chain fatty acids in hyperuricemia and gout pathophysiology.","volume":"17","author":"Cui","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465940","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1465940","article-title":"Effect of konjac glucomannan on gut microbiota from hyperuricemia subjects in vitro: Fermentation characteristics and inhibitory xanthine oxidase activity.","volume":"11","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.13381\/j.cnki.cjm.201712005","article-title":"The effect of Lactobacillus brevis DM9218 in relieving high fructose diet-induced hyperuricemia and the possible mechanisms.","volume":"29","author":"Deng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. J. Microecol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12519","article-title":"Association between ABCG 2 Q141K polymorphism and gout risk affected by ethnicity and gender: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"18","author":"Dong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963202","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.963202","article-title":"Analysis of the gut microbiome in obese native Tibetan children living at different altitudes: A case\u2013control study.","volume":"10","author":"Du","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2022.68.6.14","article-title":"Effect of high-altitude hypoxia environment on uric acid excretion, desmin protein level in podocytes, and Na+-K+-ATPase activity.","volume":"68","author":"Du","year":"","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B15","first-page":"901","article-title":"Effects of hypoxia in plateau on renal tissue cell morphology and expression of renal uric acid transport proteins in rats.","volume":"23","author":"Du","year":"","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Tradit. West. Nephrol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0000292021","article-title":"Renal sensing of bacterial metabolites in the gut-kidney axis.","volume":"2","author":"Foresto-Neto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney360"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2329048X221108821","DOI":"10.1177\/2329048X221108821","article-title":"The study on the clinical phenotype and function of HPRT1 gene.","volume":"9","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Child Neurol. Open"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-020-02414-x","article-title":"Inulin supplementation ameliorates hyperuricemia and modulates gut microbiota in Uox-knockout mice.","volume":"60","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20602","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20602","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota distinguish gout patients from healthy humans.","volume":"6","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2022.05.096","article-title":"Hyperuricemia induces liver injury by upregulating HIF-1\u03b1 and inhibiting arginine biosynthesis pathway in mouse liver and human L02 hepatocytes.","volume":"617","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2014.65","article-title":"Monosodium urate crystals trigger Nrf2-and heme oxygenase-1-dependent inflammation in THP-1 cells.","volume":"12","author":"Jhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"B22","first-page":"892","article-title":"Advances in the relationship of metabolic reprogramming and proximal renal tubular injury.","volume":"36","author":"Jiaying","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Nephrol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3307","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-1814","article-title":"Sugar, uric acid, and the etiology of diabetes and obesity.","volume":"62","author":"Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.13381\/j.cnki.cjm.202210022","article-title":"Progress in research on the correlation between gout and intestinal flora.","volume":"34","author":"Jun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Microecol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.6032\/gnam.40.21","article-title":"Placebo controlled double blind parallel randomized study to test the urate-lowering effect of yogurt containing Lactobacillus gasseri PA-3 in adult males with marginal hyperuricemia.","volume":"40","author":"Kamatani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gout Nucleic Acid Metabol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1080\/15257770.2018.1469760","article-title":"Lactobacillus gasseri PA-3, but not L. gasseri OLL2996, reduces the absorption of purine nucleosides in rats.","volume":"37","author":"Kano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.857.1","article-title":"Role of the renal nerves in regulating GLP-1 mediated diuresis and natriuresis in rats with heart failure.","volume":"33","author":"Katsurada","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2020-0065","article-title":"Impact of the synbiotics and urate-lowering therapy on gut microbiota and cytokine profile in patients with chronic gouty arthritis.","volume":"13","author":"Kondratiuk","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Life"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.203987","article-title":"Association between serum uric acid and \u03b1-klotho protein levels in the middle-aged population.","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6967396","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6967396","article-title":"Genome-wide transcriptional analysis reveals the protection against hypoxia-induced oxidative injury in the intestine of tibetans via the inhibition of GRB2\/EGFR\/PTPN11 pathways.","volume":"2016","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305656","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1305656","article-title":"Walnut peptide alleviates obesity, inflammation and dyslipidemia in mice fed a high-fat diet by modulating the intestinal flora and metabolites.","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9990843","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9990843","article-title":"Effects of a macroporous resin extract of Dendrobium officinale leaves in rats with hyperuricemia induced by anthropomorphic unhealthy lifestyle.","volume":"2023","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e45023","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000045023","article-title":"Association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in SLC2A9, SLC22A12 and SLC22A11 genes with hyperuricemia in the Chinese Tibetan population.","volume":"104","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i18.2187","article-title":"Role of gut microbiota on intestinal barrier function in acute pancreatitis.","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"BSR20240595","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20240595","article-title":"Causal effects of gut microbiota on gout and hyperuricemia: Insights from genome-wide Mendelian randomization, RNA-sequencing, 16S rRNA sequencing, and metabolomes.","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8664","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.8664","article-title":"The altered gut microbiota of high-purine-induced hyperuricemia rats and its correlation with hyperuricemia.","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2024.113913","article-title":"Is lactic acid a misunderstood trigger of gout attack for a century?","volume":"238","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.13381\/j.cnki.cjm.202302018","article-title":"Dysbiosis of gut microbiota in hyperuricemia: Research progress.","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Microecol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11112655","article-title":"Structure and metabolic characteristics of intestinal microbiota in Tibetan and Han populations of Qinghai-Tibet plateau and associated influencing factors.","volume":"11","author":"Lv","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0291624","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02916-24","article-title":"Human gut microbiota adaptation to high-altitude exposure: Longitudinal analysis over acute and prolonged periods.","volume":"13","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spect."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9981","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-93899-1","article-title":"Metatranscriptomic analysis reveals gut microbiome bacterial genes in pyruvate and amino acid metabolism associated with hyperuricemia and gout in humans.","volume":"15","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Nava","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21262","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202002077R","article-title":"27-Hydroxycholesterol regulates human SLC22A12 gene expression through estrogen receptor action.","volume":"35","author":"Matsubayashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e75838","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075838","article-title":"Xanthine oxidase mediates hypoxia-inducible factor-2\u03b1 degradation by intermittent hypoxia.","volume":"8","author":"Nanduri","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-060208-105251","article-title":"Functions and regulation of RNA editing by ADAR deaminases.","volume":"79","author":"Nishikura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-26519-x","article-title":"Evaluation of ABCG2-mediated extra-renal urate excretion in hemodialysis patients.","volume":"13","author":"Ohashi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"j1794","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j1794","article-title":"The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, Western diet, and risk of gout in men: Prospective cohort study.","volume":"357","author":"Rai","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.1009-9158.2018.06.011","article-title":"Investigation of serum uric acid levels and hyperuricemia in physical examination population in plateau areas.","volume":"41","author":"Rao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. J. Lab. Med."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495346","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1495346","article-title":"Study on the mechanism of lactic acid bacteria and their fermentation broth in alleviating hyperuricemia based on metabolomics and gut microbiota.","volume":"11","author":"Rao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14132213","article-title":"Synergistic probiotic\u2013postbiotic therapy ameliorates hyperuricemia via multi-target regulation of purine metabolism and gut microbiota.","volume":"14","author":"Ren","year":"2025","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.13381\/j.cnki.cjm.202310019","article-title":"Microbes participate in the synthesis, decomposition and transport of human uric acid.","volume":"35","author":"Ren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Microecol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229659","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1229659","article-title":"Distinctive biochemistry profiles associated with hyperuricemia between Tibetans and Hans in China.","volume":"14","author":"Ren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20148","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20148","article-title":"The effects of URAT1\/SLC22A12 nonfunctional variants, R90H and W258X, on serum uric acid levels and gout\/hyperuricemia progression.","volume":"6","author":"Sakiyama","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779994","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.779994","article-title":"Structural and functional alterations of gut microbiota in males with hyperuricemia and high levels of liver enzymes.","volume":"8","author":"Sheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163778","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1163778","article-title":"Exploring the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in gout pathogenesis: A systematic review.","volume":"10","author":"Shirvani-Rad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1599107","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of fecal microbiota transplantation for patients with refractory gout","volume":"29","author":"Shuting","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med. Pract."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1189406","article-title":"Genetic evidence for high-altitude adaptation in Tibet.","volume":"329","author":"Simonson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4404","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v30.i40.4404","article-title":"Elucidating the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in hyperuricemia and gout: Insights and therapeutic strategies.","volume":"30","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2022.0133","article-title":"Prevalence of high-altitude polycythemia and hyperuricemia and risk factors for hyperuricemia in high-altitude immigrants.","volume":"24","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"High Alt. Med. Biol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12768","article-title":"Emerging concepts on the role of epigenetics in the relationships between nutrition and health.","volume":"284","author":"Stover","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"msae233","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msae233","article-title":"Rewiring of uric acid metabolism in the intestine promotes high-altitude hypoxia adaptation in humans.","volume":"41","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"B61","first-page":"859","article-title":"Hyperuricemia prevalence and genetic susceptibility of young Han males at an altitude of 4520m.","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. J. Chin. Peoples Liberation Army"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123105","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/123105","article-title":"Urate lowering therapy with febuxostat in daily practice\u2014A multicentre, open-label, prospective observational study.","volume":"2014","author":"Tausche","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12081170","article-title":"Xanthine dehydrogenase is a modulator of dopaminergic neurodegeneration in response to bacterial metabolite exposure in C. elegans.","volume":"12","author":"Thies","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051682","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1051682","article-title":"The role of gut microbiota in gout: Is gut microbiota a potential target for gout treatment.","volume":"12","author":"Tong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.113357","article-title":"Associations of a non-synonymous variant in SLC2A9 with gouty arthritis and uric acid levels in Han Chinese subjects and Solomon Islanders.","volume":"69","author":"Tu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B66","volume-title":"Study on the Characteristics of Hyperuricemia and XO Gene Polymorphism in Han Young Men Relocated to the Plateau (4520 m).","author":"W","year":"2015"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3979","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1874287","article-title":"The gut microbiota as a target to control hyperuricemia pathogenesis: Potential mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.","volume":"62","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3687","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-025-07527-4","article-title":"From plateau to plains: Unraveling the diet-exercise paradox in uric acid homeostasis through a comprehensive comparative study.","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.13995\/j.cnki.11-1802\/ts.030914","article-title":"Research progress on the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia in Tibetan areas by lactic acid bacteria.","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Ferment. Ind."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idairyj.2025.106400","article-title":"Probiotic properties and genomic insights of Limosilactobacillus reuteri isolated from Tibetan fermented yak milk with potential anti-hyperuricemic activity.","volume":"171","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Dairy J."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0300060519898005","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060519898005","article-title":"Efficacy of spinal chiropractic manipulative therapy for adjusting the relationship between cervical facet joints to treat headache caused by acute mountain sickness.","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15285","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-00041-2","article-title":"Neonatal hypoxia leads to impaired intestinal function and changes in the composition and metabolism of its microbiota.","volume":"15","author":"Wen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2024.108615","article-title":"Uric acid in health and disease: From physiological functions to pathogenic mechanisms.","volume":"256","author":"Wen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-020-2136-z","article-title":"Pleiotropic effect of the ABCG2 gene in gout: Involvement in serum urate levels and progression from hyperuricemia to gout.","volume":"22","author":"Wrigley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1897211","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1897211","article-title":"Limosilactobacillus fermentum JL-3 isolated from \u201cJiangshui\u201d ameliorates hyperuricemia by degrading uric acid.","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1159\/000521273","article-title":"Effects of washed microbiota transplantation on serum uric acid levels, symptoms, and intestinal barrier function in patients with acute and recurrent gout: A pilot study.","volume":"40","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dig. Dis."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.12182\/20231160101","article-title":"Analysis of influencing factors of hyperuricemia in Tibetan population in Nagqu City, Tibet.","volume":"55","author":"Xiong","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Sichuan Univ."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1080\/15257770.2015.1125000","article-title":"Evaluation of purine utilization by Lactobacillus gasseri strains with potential to decrease the absorption of food-derived purines in the human intestine.","volume":"35","author":"Yamada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1159\/000187444","article-title":"Effect of lactate infusion on renal transport of purine bases and oxypurinol.","volume":"65","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.12435\/j.issn.2095-5227.2023.043","article-title":"Research advances in effect of high-altitude hypoxic environment on intestinal flora.","volume":"44","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acad. J. Chin. PLA Med. Sch."},{"key":"B81","first-page":"1476","article-title":"Epidemiological survey of hyperuricemia and gout in adults in Lhasa urban area.","volume":"27","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"West. Med."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70982","DOI":"10.1053\/j.scrs.2017.09.005","article-title":"The role of the intestinal Microbiome in the pathogenesis and treatment of hyperuricemia: A review.","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080486","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.1080486","article-title":"Case report: Early-onset renal failure as presenting sign of Lesch-Nyhan disease in infancy.","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3474","DOI":"10.1039\/D2RA07193B","article-title":"Virtual screening and activity evaluation of human uric acid transporter 1 (hURAT1) inhibitors.","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845684","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.845684","article-title":"The role of the intestine in the development of hyperuricemia.","volume":"13","author":"Yin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-025-03974-y","article-title":"Renal organic anion transporter 1: Clinical relevance and the underlying mechanisms in chronic kidney disease.","volume":"26","author":"You","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1964866","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1964866","article-title":"Correlation between serum oxidative stress level and serum uric acid and prognosis in patients with hepatitis B-related liver cancer before operation.","volume":"2022","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Healthc. Eng."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599107","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1599107","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on hyperuricemia mice by improving gut microbiota.","volume":"16","author":"Yuan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1039\/D3FO04858F","article-title":"Intestinal toxicity alleviation and efficacy potentiation through therapeutic administration of Lactobacillus paracasei GY-1 in the treatment of gout flares with colchicine.","volume":"15","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"B90","first-page":"7503","article-title":"Associations of gout with polymorphisms in SLC2A9, WDR1, CLNK, PKD2, and ABCG2 in Chinese Han and Tibetan populations.","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2266","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11092266","article-title":"Enriched aptamer libraries in fluorescence-based assays for Rikenella microfusus-specific gut microbiome analyses.","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1738716","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1738716","article-title":"Advances in the study of gut microecology and mechanisms of hyperuricemia and gouty arthritis.","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20240332","DOI":"10.1002\/EXP.20240332","article-title":"Gut microbiota-associated metabolites affected the susceptibility to heart health abnormality in young migrants at high-altitude: Gut microbiota and associated metabolites impart heart health in plateau.","volume":"5","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exploration"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2543065","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2025.2543065","article-title":"Association of exposure duration, modality, and polycythaemia with hyperuricaemia among han male immigrants at high altitudes: A cross-sectional study.","volume":"57","author":"Zhu","year":"","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-025-03209-8","article-title":"Molecular interplay between TXNIP and GLUT9 underlies uric acid transport dysregulation in vitro under hyperuricemic stress.","volume":"30","author":"Zhu","year":"","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1882007\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T09:14:47Z","timestamp":1784625287000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1882007\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"references-count":95,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1882007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1882007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"article-number":"1882007"}}