{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T16:24:59Z","timestamp":1787156699031,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","award":["2024YQFH02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YQFH02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sleep deprivation (SD) impairs cognitive function and induces hippocampal injury, yet the gut-derived mechanisms underlying these deficits remain incompletely understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Here, we established a mouse SD model using a modified multiple-platform water environment method and evaluated the effects of oral administration of\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus acidophilus<\/jats:italic>\n                      CICC 22162.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      SD caused gut microbial dysbiosis and compromised colonic barrier integrity, leading to hippocampal inflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and synaptic protein loss. Intervention with\n                      <jats:italic>L. acidophilus<\/jats:italic>\n                      CICC 22162 partially restored microbial balance, strengthened intestinal barrier proteins, reduced hippocampal inflammation and neuronal apoptosis, and improved cognitive performance. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments demonstrated that protective effects could be partially transferred via the gut microbiota from treated donors, highlighting the functional role of the intestinal microbial community. Untargeted metabolomics identified S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as a candidate microbiota-associated metabolite linked to neuroprotection, and\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      and ex vivo validation showed that SAM reproduced cognitive benefits through \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (\u03b17nAChR)-related signaling, including enhanced JAK2\/STAT3 phosphorylation and suppressed NF-\u03baB activation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings delineate a gut microbiota\u2013SAM\u2013\u03b17nAChR neuroimmune pathway through which\n                      <jats:italic>L. acidophilus<\/jats:italic>\n                      CICC 22162 alleviates SD-associated cognitive dysfunction, providing mechanistic support for microbiota-targeted interventions against sleep loss-induced cognitive impairment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1889475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T15:31:38Z","timestamp":1787153498000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC 22162 alleviates sleep deprivation-induced cognitive impairment by remodeling gut microbiota and enhancing S-adenosylmethionine-mediated neuroimmune regulation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"name":"Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuohan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengqi","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lushan Rehabilitation and Recuperation Center","place":["Jiujiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University","place":["Xuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00890-0","article-title":"Gastrointestinal and brain barriers: unlocking gates of communication across the microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis","volume":"21","author":"Aburto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. 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