{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T05:52:04Z","timestamp":1785909124581,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Long-term\n                      <jats:italic>Eucalyptus<\/jats:italic>\n                      cultivation causes soil degradation, yet the vertical stratification of soil physicochemical properties and its impact on the vertical succession of microbial communities remain poorly understood. This study aimed to clarify the effects of long-term\n                      <jats:italic>Eucalyptus<\/jats:italic>\n                      planting on the vertical succession of soil properties and microbial communities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study investigated first-rotation (5-year, E1) and third-rotation (21-year, E3)\n                      <jats:italic>E. grandis<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00d7\n                      <jats:italic>urophylla<\/jats:italic>\n                      plantations, with mixed\n                      <jats:italic>Cunninghamia lanceolata<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Pinus massoniana<\/jats:italic>\n                      forest serving as the control (CK). Soil samples from 0 to 20 cm, 20\u201340 cm and 40\u201360 cm layers were collected to explore vertical variations in soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities and microbial communities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Total potassium (TK) content was significantly higher in the third-rotation plantation (E3) than in the control (CK), and increased with soil depth across all plantation types. Available phosphorus and organic carbon first rose briefly then declined overall, and both decreased with soil depth. Urease, acid phosphatase and sucrase activities declined obviously with stand aging and increasing soil depth. Bacterial \u03b1-diversity declined initially, then recovered and reached its peak in the E3 topsoil. Microbial community structure changed greatly; dominant microbes showed distinct age- and depth-dependent distribution patterns. Plantation age positively affected soil pH and total potassium but negatively reduced aggregate stability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Successive\n                      <jats:italic>Eucalyptus<\/jats:italic>\n                      planting altered soil physicochemical and enzymatic profiles, and reshaped the vertical microbial community structure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1896384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T05:38:30Z","timestamp":1785908310000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vertical differentiation of soil properties and microbial communities in long-term Eucalyptus grandis \u00d7 urophylla plantations: surface diversity recovery does not offset deep-layer functional degradation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zongsheng","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sifan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youxian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.13207\/j.cnki.jnwafu.2013.12.083","article-title":"Effects of five plantations on soil properties in subtropical red soil hilly region.","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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