{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:04:26Z","timestamp":1790229866393,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Heat- and moisture-sensitive porous materials such as plush toys, paper products, and foam are widely used in pediatric and healthcare environments but cannot be decontaminated by conventional liquid disinfectants, heat, or UV-based methods. This creates a need for alternative dry, non-thermal technologies. Non-thermal plasma (NTP) offers a promising approach for disinfecting such materials without compromising their integrity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we assessed the virucidal efficacy of a prototyped NTP device on four clinically relevant respiratory viruses\u2014Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Influenza A virus (IAV), human Adenovirus (HAdV), and human Rhinovirus (HRV)\u2014applied to paper, plush fabric, and foam rubber.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Material characterization by SEM and XPS demonstrated only mild surface oxidation and no structural damage following NTP exposure. Across all substrates, NTP treatment produced time-dependent reductions in viral infectivity. Maximum reductions ranged from 5.5\u20136.3 log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      for SARS-CoV-2, 6.3\u20137.1 log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      for IAV, 4.0\u20135.9 log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      for HAdV, and 2.7\u20135.0 log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      for HRV, depending on the virus-material combination. Enveloped viruses (SARS-CoV-2 and IAV) were inactivated more rapidly than the non-enveloped viruses HAdV and HRV, although all viruses were reduced to nearly or completely undetectable levels after 30\u201360\u202fmin of treatment. Several virus-material combinations exhibited biphasic inactivation kinetics characterized by an initial rapid decline followed by a slower phase of inactivation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings support that NTP could be an effective, residue-free, and material-preserving method for inactivating a broad spectrum of respiratory viruses on porous substrates incompatible with conventional disinfection. NTP thus might represent a valuable tool for safely reusing sensitive items in pediatric and clinical settings and reducing contamination risks where existing methods are impractical.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1897956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:44:00Z","timestamp":1790228640000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Non-thermal plasma efficiently decontaminates sensitive materials from respiratory viruses"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Chantal","family":"Lucini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Anna Children\u2019s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI)","place":["Vienna, Austria"]},{"name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kl\u00e1ra","family":"Obrov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Anna Children\u2019s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI)","place":["Vienna, Austria"]},{"name":"Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology","place":["Prague, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Va\u0148kov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology","place":["Prague, Czechia"]},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology","place":["Prague, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Khun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology","place":["Prague, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Hodek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences","place":["Prague, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"Ulrychov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences","place":["Prague, Czechia"]},{"name":"Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University","place":["Prague, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences","place":["Prague, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radek","family":"P\u0159ikryl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology","place":["Brno, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luk\u00e1\u0161","family":"Kalina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology","place":["Brno, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n","family":"Krobot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology","place":["Brno, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladim\u00edr","family":"Scholtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology","place":["Prague, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Anna Children\u2019s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI)","place":["Vienna, Austria"]},{"name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3390\/plasma8020018","article-title":"Recent advances in cold atmospheric pressure plasma for E. coli decontamination in food: a review","volume":"8","author":"Ahmed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plasma"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001193","article-title":"Survival of an enveloped virus on toys","volume":"35","author":"Bearden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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