{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T22:58:19Z","timestamp":1785452299393,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":146,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a precancerous condition closely associated with areca nut chewing, yet its pathogenesis remains incompletely elucidated. Recent studies have highlighted the critical role of oral microbiota dysbiosis in the progression of OSF. This article systematically reviews alterations in the oral microbiota spectrum associated with OSF, the synergistic pathogenic mechanisms between microbiota and areca nut, core pathways of microbiota-host interactions, and therapeutic strategies based on microbiota modulation. Areca nut chewing modifies the oral microenvironment, suppressing commensal bacteria while enriching pathogens. In OSF patients, pathogenic bacteria such as\n                    <jats:italic>Fusobacterium nucleatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    species are significantly enriched, whereas beneficial bacteria including\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillu<\/jats:italic>\n                    s and\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    species are reduced. Microbiota dysbiosis promotes fibrogenesis through multiple mechanisms, including disruption of the mucosal epithelial barrier, activation of TLR\/NF-\u03baB and NLRP3 inflammatory pathways, induction of Th17\/Treg imbalance, interference with tryptophan and short-chain fatty acid metabolism, and exacerbation of oxidative stress. Microbiota-based therapeutic approaches include probiotics, specific targeted antimicrobial peptides, photodynamic therapy, oral microbiota transplantation, and dietary intervention. Future studies should employ multi-omics integrative analyses to establish causality between microbiota dysbiosis and OSF and to advance the clinical translation of precision microbiota-based therapies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1901183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T22:06:38Z","timestamp":1785449198000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The multifaceted role of oral microbiota-host interactions in oral submucous fibrosis: from pathogenic mechanisms to microecological regulation therapies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Stomatology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changsha, China"]},{"name":"Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa, Changsha Stomatological Hospital","place":["Changsha, China"]},{"name":"College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saifei","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Stomatology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changsha, China"]},{"name":"Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa, Changsha Stomatological Hospital","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengying","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Stomatology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changsha, China"]},{"name":"Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa, Changsha Stomatological Hospital","place":["Changsha, China"]},{"name":"College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizhen","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Stomatology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changsha, China"]},{"name":"Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa, Changsha Stomatological Hospital","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taohua","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Stomatology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changsha, China"]},{"name":"Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa, Changsha Stomatological Hospital","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shun","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Stomatology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changsha, China"]},{"name":"College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Stomatology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changsha, China"]},{"name":"Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa, Changsha Stomatological Hospital","place":["Changsha, China"]},{"name":"College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2021.11.005","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids are potential mediators in gut inflammation","volume":"8","author":"Akhtar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim. 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