{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T12:14:28Z","timestamp":1788351268283,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":177,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although HIV-associated malignancies have been reviewed separately through the lens of individual oncogenic viruses (KSHV, EBV, HPV) or immune dysfunction in isolation, no prior synthesis has integrated these processes into a single, systemic \u201ctumor ecosystem\u201d framework spanning virology, immunology, the tumor microenvironment, and clinical treatment response. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection profoundly alters the immune landscape, establishing a distinctive tumor ecosystem characterized by chronic immune dysfunction, inflammatory microenvironment remodeling, and virus-driven oncogenic mechanisms that collectively promote cancer initiation and progression. Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-infected individuals remain at increased risk for various malignancies, underscoring the complex interplay between persistent immune impairment and tumor evolution. This review comprehensively examines the components and dynamic changes within the tumor ecosystem of HIV-infected patients, focusing on how HIV-mediated CD4+ T-cell depletion, immune checkpoint dysregulation, chronic antigenic stimulation, and direct effects of viral proteins such as Tat and Nef facilitate tumor immune evasion and genomic instability. Integrating insights from cutting-edge single-cell omics, spatial transcriptomics, and animal model studies, we delineate the evolutionary trajectories of diverse HIV-associated cancers, including lymphomas and Kaposi's sarcoma. Furthermore, we critically evaluate the impact of ART on modulating the tumor microenvironment and immune responses, alongside emerging immunotherapeutic approaches such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies. By systematically synthesizing molecular mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic advancements, this review aims to provide a comprehensive theoretical framework to guide precision prevention and treatment strategies for HIV-related malignancies. By integrating virological, immunological, and single-cell\/spatial evidence into an ecosystem-level model, this review addresses this gap and offers direct implications for immunotherapy stratification and precision management of HIV-associated malignancies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1901762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:26:19Z","timestamp":1788348379000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["HIV-driven tumor ecosystem: from chronic immune dysfunction to cancer evolution"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Guangchao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juanyan","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haolin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingyu","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.5152\/eurasianjmed.2020.20008","article-title":"Leucocytes and Th-associated cytokine profile of HIV-leishmaniasis co-infected persons attending Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria","volume":"52","author":"Abdullahi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eurasian J. Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-025-04399-5","article-title":"Concordance of cancer-associated cytokines and mitochondrial DNA deletions in individuals with hepatocellular carcinoma and people living with HIV in ghana","volume":"25","author":"Aboagye","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases13080230","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in human immunodeficiency virus-associated cancer: a systematic scoping review","volume":"13","author":"Alatawi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diseases"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2020.7562","article-title":"Antitumorigenic action of nelfinavir: effects on multiple myeloma and hematologic malignancies (review)","volume":"43","author":"Allegra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00395","article-title":"Harnessing natural killer cell innate and adaptive traits in HIV infection","volume":"10","author":"Alrubayyi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.11.26.690725","article-title":"Rad18 suppresses the late step of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication","author":"Ariumi","year":"2025","journal-title":"bioRxiv."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.4103\/ijstd.IJSTD_28_19","article-title":"Spectrum of malignancies among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients at a tertiary level human immunodeficiency virus-anti-retroviral therapy center in a North Indian hospital","volume":"42","author":"Arora","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Sex. Transm. Dis. AIDS"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0097120","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00971-20","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr mediates degradation of APC1, a scaffolding component of the anaphase-promoting complex\/cyclosome","volume":"95","author":"Barbosa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2147\/BLCTT.S361320","article-title":"HIV\/AIDS associated lymphoma: review","volume":"12","author":"Berhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Lymphat. Cancer"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.7196\/AJTCCM.2022.v28i2.162","article-title":"A comparison of lung cancer in HIV-positive and HIV-negative populations","volume":"28","author":"Berman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Afr. J. Thorac. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4185","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_202305_32328","article-title":"New treatment strategies for HIV-positive cancer patients undergoing anticancer medical treatment: update of the literature","volume":"27","author":"Berretta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"qiaf088","DOI":"10.1093\/jleuko\/qiaf088","article-title":"The role of liver macrophages in viral liver pathogenesis","volume":"117","author":"Brantly","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Leukocyte Biol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000518758","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus infection promotes human papillomavirus-mediated anal squamous carcinogenesis: an immunologic and pathobiologic review","volume":"89","author":"Bushara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathobiology"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1039\/D2BM01132H","article-title":"Nanoparticle vaccines can be designed to induce pDC support of mDCs for increased antigen display","volume":"11","author":"Butkovich","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"002044","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.002044","article-title":"Increased human herpesvirus-8 neutralizing response during remission from Kaposi's sarcoma","volume":"105","author":"Byren","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1137","article-title":"CD4\/CD8 ratio and the risk of Kaposi sarcoma or non-hodgkin lymphoma in the context of efficiently treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: a collaborative analysis of 20 European cohort studies","volume":"73","author":"Caby","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5570","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408192102","article-title":"Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus expresses an array of viral microRNAs in latently infected cells","volume":"102","author":"Cai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2020.1725401","article-title":"HIV-1 nef counteracts autophagy restriction by enhancing the association between BECN1 and its inhibitor BCL2 in a PRKN-dependent manner","volume":"17","author":"Castro-Gonzalez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109514","article-title":"HIV-1 nef interacts with the cyclin K\/CDK13 complex to antagonize SERINC5 for optimal viral infectivity","volume":"36","author":"Chai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e004564","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-004564","article-title":"Patients with HIV-associated cancers have evidence of increased T cell dysfunction and exhaustion prior to cancer diagnosis","volume":"10","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919446","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.919446","article-title":"A novel prognostic score including the CD4\/CD8 for AIDS-related lymphoma","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-25-4738","article-title":"Single-cell analysis of residual esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy reveals TFAM-mediated immunoregulation in dendritic cells","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01782","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01782-19","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus-associated exosomes promote Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection via the epidermal growth factor receptor","volume":"94","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33363","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.9221","article-title":"Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) microRNA K12-1 functions as an oncogene by activating NF-\u03baB\/IL-6\/STAT3 signaling","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1708278","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1708278","article-title":"PD-1\/PD-L1 blockade in HIV-associated advanced lung cancer: from mechanisms to clinical practice","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.12.012","article-title":"Tubular-specific expression of HIV protein Vpr leads to severe tubulointerstitial damage accompanied by progressive fibrosis and cystic development","volume":"103","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1080\/17513758.2021.1912420","article-title":"Effect of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms on treatment regimens in an AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma model","volume":"15","author":"Chimbola","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biol. Dyn."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad608","article-title":"False-reactive fourth-generation human immunodeficiency virus testing in cancer patients","volume":"78","author":"Chiu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100918","article-title":"Expression of programmed death-ligand 1 and programmed cell death-1 across the anal neoplasia disease continuum and association with survival in anal cancer","volume":"39","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2026","journal-title":"Modern Pathol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2020459118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2020459118","article-title":"High-dimensional mass cytometry analysis of NK cell alterations in AML identifies a subgroup with adverse clinical outcome","volume":"118","author":"Chretien","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.3390\/v13061168","article-title":"Viral bad news sent by EVAIL","volume":"13","author":"Clauss","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.01.006","article-title":"HIV-infected macrophages resist efficient NK cell-mediated killing while preserving inflammatory cytokine responses","volume":"29","author":"Clayton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13027-020-00341-4","article-title":"Outcomes of AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma in mozambique after treatment with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin","volume":"16","author":"Coldiron","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect. Agents Cancer"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2100379","DOI":"10.1200\/GO.21.00379","article-title":"Clinicopathological features and mortality in patients with kaposi sarcoma and HIV: a retrospective analysis of a thirty-year study from a peruvian oncologic center","volume":"8","author":"Cuellar","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCO Glob. Oncol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1080\/1120009X.2021.1920248","article-title":"Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin as first line treatment in aids-related Kaposi's sarcoma: a real-life study","volume":"33","author":"Dalu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Chemotherapy"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-44518-8_4","article-title":"Effects of HIV on the tumor microenvironment","volume":"1263","author":"Dandachi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102667","article-title":"Pathways towards human immunodeficiency virus elimination","volume":"53","author":"Dash","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675353","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.675353","article-title":"Clinical and molecular properties of human immunodeficiency virus-related diffuse large b-cell lymphoma","volume":"11","author":"de Carvalho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.3390\/v17070884","article-title":"The role of autophagy in HIV infection and immunological recovery of ART-treated PLWH","volume":"17","author":"de Oliveira Duarte","year":"2025","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2022.110401","article-title":"Genetic determinants of lung cancer: understanding the oncogenic potential of somatic missense mutations","volume":"114","author":"Dhakar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5827","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S497083","article-title":"Incomplete immune reconstitution and traditional Chinese medicine in patients with HIV\/AIDS: challenges and perspectives","volume":"17","author":"Ding","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32740","article-title":"The liver cancer immune microenvironment: therapeutic implications for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"77","author":"Donne","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02478-7","article-title":"Impact of HIV-1 Vpr manipulation of the DNA repair enzyme UNG2 on B lymphocyte class switch recombination","volume":"18","author":"Eldin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.14155","article-title":"Potential role of tumor-associated macrophages and CD163\/CD68 ratio in mycosis fungoides and s\u00e9zary syndrome in correlation with serum sCD163 and CCL22","volume":"49","author":"El-Guindy","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Pathol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2774","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.02566","article-title":"Anal cancer: emerging standards in a rare disease","volume":"40","author":"Eng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/345084a0","article-title":"Tat protein of HIV-1 stimulates growth of cells derived from Kaposi's sarcoma lesions of AIDS patients","volume":"345","author":"Ensoli","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1038\/371674a0","article-title":"Synergy between basic fibroblast growth factor and HIV-1 Tat protein in induction of Kaposi's sarcoma","volume":"371","author":"Ensoli","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.2020033319","article-title":"The role of microbial translocation and immune activation in AIDS-associated non-hodgkin lymphoma pathogenesis: what have we learned?","volume":"40","author":"Epeldegui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34143","article-title":"A nationwide longitudinal study on risk factors for progression of anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 to anal cancer","volume":"151","author":"Faber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2022.154061","article-title":"High expression of HIV-1 matrix protein p17 in both lymphoma and lymph node tissues of AIDS patients","volume":"237","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6318","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176318","article-title":"Exploiting manipulated small extracellular vesicles to subvert immunosuppression at the tumor microenvironment through mannose receptor\/CD206 targeting","volume":"21","author":"Fiani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21051601","article-title":"Lung cancer (LC) in HIV positive patients: pathogenic features and implications for treatment","volume":"21","author":"Frega","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8875547","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8875547","article-title":"Plasmablastic lymphoma associated with adjacent mature plasma cell population exhibiting opposite light chain restriction","volume":"2020","author":"Furlan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Case Rep. Pathol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf433","article-title":"Prognostic divergence in human immunodeficiency virus\/hepatitis B virus versus hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma after resection: intrahepatic pre-S deletions mutants and T-cell depletion under viral suppression","volume":"232","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3390\/v12040459","article-title":"The Nef protein of themacrophage tropicHIV-1 strain AD8 counteracts human BST-2\/tetherin","volume":"12","author":"Giese","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1158\/2767-9764.CRC-24-0083","article-title":"The FKBP51s splice isoform predicts unfavorable prognosis in patients with glioblastoma","volume":"4","author":"Giordano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Res. Commun."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.09.012","article-title":"Viral microRNA targetome of KSHV-infected primary effusion lymphoma cell lines","volume":"10","author":"Gottwein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-024-01432-0","article-title":"A STT3A-dependent PD-L1 glycosylation modification mediated by GMPS drives tumor immune evasion in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"32","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyac004","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of carboplatin and paclitaxel in cancer patients with HIV (AMC-078), an AIDS malignancy consortium (AMC) study","volume":"27","author":"Haigentz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06206-4","article-title":"Immunological and virological discordance among people living with HIV on highly active antiretroviral therapy in tigray, Northern Ethiopia","volume":"21","author":"Hailu","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1007\/s10142-025-01613-1","article-title":"New hope and promise with CRISPR-Cas9 technology for the treatment of HIV","volume":"25","author":"Hassan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Funct. Integr. Genomic."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.14670\/HH-18-271","article-title":"Identifying specific Notch1 target proteins in lung carcinoma cells","volume":"36","author":"Hassan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1169-0848","article-title":"[Diagnosis and treatment of HIV-associated lymphoma: Update 202]","volume":"146","author":"Hentrich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dtsch. Med. Wochensch."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2022.12.010","article-title":"Prevalence, clinical and molecular characteristics of early stage EGFR-mutated lung cancer in a real-life west-european cohort: implications for adjuvant therapy","volume":"181","author":"Hondelink","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.04.02.716177","article-title":"A tissue virus microenvironment with activated stress responses underlies durable SIV persistence","author":"Hope","year":"2026","journal-title":"bioRxiv."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e941815","DOI":"10.12659\/AJCR.941815","article-title":"Gastrointestinal Kaposi sarcoma without dermatological lesions: a case report","volume":"24","author":"Imeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Case Rep."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13020305","article-title":"Oncogenic effects of HIV-1 proteins, mechanisms behind","volume":"13","author":"Isaguliants","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2024.2389210","article-title":"Prospects for liquid biopsy approaches in lymphomas","volume":"65","author":"Jamal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1007\/s12012-021-09687-6","article-title":"HIV tat protein induces myocardial fibrosis through TGF-\u03b21-CTGF signaling cascade: a potential mechanism of HIV infection-related cardiac manifestations","volume":"21","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Toxicol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4580","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32284-2","article-title":"Spatiotemporal dynamics of macrophage heterogeneity and a potential function of Trem2hi macrophages in infarcted hearts","volume":"13","author":"Jung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_121_22","article-title":"Immunovirological discordance among people living with human immunodeficiency virus at a center in Western India: a retrospective study","volume":"44","author":"Kacker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J. Sex. Transm. Dis. AIDS"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e62942","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.62942","article-title":"HIV versus the human body: a case report of an immunity-compromised patient","volume":"16","author":"Karnan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103474","article-title":"Lymphoma driver mutations at the root of somatic evolution of nerve-damaging autoantibodies in myelin associated glycoprotein neuropathy","volume":"157","author":"Kelly","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1136\/jim-2021-002205","article-title":"Cancer immunotherapy in adult patients with HIV","volume":"70","author":"Khalaf","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Investig. Med."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-024-10768-1","article-title":"Cell-free DNA methylation-based inflammation score as a marker for hepatocellular carcinoma among people living with HIV","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80311-3","article-title":"Outcome of TACE treatment in HIV infected patients with hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"11","author":"Kong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e69449","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.69449","article-title":"Complications of untreated advanced HIV\/AIDS with Kaposi sarcoma in a young African American male: a case report","volume":"16","author":"Koruthu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2324709620927872","DOI":"10.1177\/2324709620927872","article-title":"Dyspnea in an HIV patient: a not so typical presentation of lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Kunnumpurath","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Investig. Med. High Impact Case Rep."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1011581","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011581","article-title":"Targeting FoxO proteins induces lytic reactivation of KSHV for treating herpesviral primary effusion lymphoma","volume":"19","author":"Lan","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345231151692","article-title":"NLRP3 disturbs Treg\/Th17 cell balance to aggravate apical periodontitis","volume":"102","author":"Leng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00940","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00940-20","article-title":"HIV Vpr modulates the host DNA damage response at two independent steps to damage DNA and repress double-strand DNA break repair","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadr3930","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adr3930","article-title":"Depletion of plasmacytoid dendritic cells rescues HIV-reactive stem-like CD8 + T cells during chronic HIV-1 infection","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2023.08.006","article-title":"Expanding the boundaries for liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"104","author":"Lindemann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Surg. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.2174\/011570162X371221250630105858","article-title":"Impact of HIV-1 Tat on FDFT1 suppression, changes in cholesterol level, and KSHV replication in BCBL1 cells","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. HIV Res."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2174\/011570162X367092250901062629","article-title":"HIV-associated lymphomas: updates from pathogenesis to treatment strategies","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Curr. HIV Res."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28559","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28559","article-title":"Dysregulation of memory B cells and circulating T follicular helper cells is a predictor of poor immune recovery in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy","volume":"95","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3851","DOI":"10.4251\/wjgo.v16.i9.3851","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma complicated with human immunodeficiency virus infection after hepatectomy","volume":"16","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest. Oncol."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17654","article-title":"Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and mortality in chronic viral hepatitis in an Asian population with and without HIV infection","volume":"58","author":"Lui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e002097","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-002097","article-title":"Use of pembrolizumab with or without pomalidomide in HIV-associated non-hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"9","author":"Lurain","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunotherapy Cancer"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.11.002","article-title":"The role of viruses in HIV-associated lymphomas","volume":"59","author":"Lurain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin. Hematol."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0002223","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00022-23","article-title":"HIV-associated cancers and lymphoproliferative disorders caused by Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus and epstein-barr virus","volume":"37","author":"Lurain","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-209203","article-title":"The course of kaposi's sarcoma, a marker disease for the initial diagnosis of AIDS, under ongoing cART","volume":"76","author":"Lutze","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirculation"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S376060","article-title":"Disseminated kaposi sarcoma","volume":"15","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2614265","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2026.14265","article-title":"Geospatial access to CAR-t clinical trials for non-hodgkin lymphoma for persons with HIV","volume":"9","author":"Maillie","year":"2026","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1011725","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011725","article-title":"Immunotherapy-induced cytotoxic T follicular helper cells reduce numbers of retrovirus-infected reservoir cells in B cell follicles","volume":"19","author":"Malyshkina","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-020-01372-2","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma in South Africa in the era of HIV","volume":"20","author":"Maponga","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28328","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000028328","article-title":"Compartmentalized T cell profile in the lungs of patients with HIV-1-associated pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma","volume":"100","author":"Matiza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0296502","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0296502","article-title":"Identification of viral protein R of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) and interleukin-6 as risk factors for malignancies in HIV-infected individuals: a cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Matsunaga","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e78081","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.78081","article-title":"Hickam's dictum prevails: Kaposi sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma in a person living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection","volume":"17","author":"McKinnon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2020.0104","article-title":"IFNL4 genotype does not associate with CD4 T-cell recovery in people living with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"37","author":"Meissner","year":"2021","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2024.12.596","article-title":"Safety and effectiveness of Yttrium-90 radioembolization in people living with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"36","author":"Menon","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Int. Radiol."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-019-00475-0","article-title":"Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in HIV-infected patients: current evidence and controversies","volume":"17","author":"Merchante","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. HIV\/AIDS Rep."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70280","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70280","article-title":"Decoding HIV-1 next move through matrix protein p17 Quasi-Species","volume":"15","author":"Messali","year":"2026","journal-title":"MicrobiologyOpen"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0153224","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01532-24","article-title":"Activation of CXCR3 + Tfh cells and B cells in lymph nodes during acute HIV-1 infection correlates with HIV-specific antibody development","volume":"99","author":"Mitchell","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/171482","article-title":"Anoikis-related gene signatures can aid prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"33","author":"Mo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0226524","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02265-24","article-title":"Alterations in circulating immunoregulatory proteins discriminate poor CD4 T lymphocyte trajectories in people with HIV on suppressive antiretroviral therapy","volume":"15","author":"Moar","year":"2024","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603436","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1603436","article-title":"Innate immune dysfunction and persistent activation in South African HIV Elite Controllers","volume":"16","author":"Mohamed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1011881","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011881","article-title":"Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) antigen is overexpressed in Kaposi sarcoma and is regulated by KSHV vFLIP","volume":"20","author":"Morales","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctarc.2020.100213","article-title":"Cancer spectrum in HIV-infected patients: a zonal hospital experience in Tanzania","volume":"25","author":"Mremi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1010673","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010673","article-title":"Active PD-L1 incorporation within HIV virions functionally impairs T follicular helper cells","volume":"18","author":"Munoz","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18111654","article-title":"Evaluating the safety and efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in HIV patients diagnosed with lung cancer: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Nageeb","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216480","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1216480","article-title":"Soluble biomarkers of HIV-1-related systemic immune activation are associated with high plasma levels of growth factors implicated in the pathogenesis of kaposi sarcoma in adults","volume":"14","author":"Nana","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1166\/jbn.2021.3074","article-title":"Applications of nanoparticles for herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment","volume":"17","author":"Obisesan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02079-0","article-title":"A follicular regulatory innate lymphoid cell population impairs interactions between germinal center Tfh and B cells","volume":"4","author":"O'Connor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1039\/D3MO00025G","article-title":"Network modeling suggests HIV infection phenocopies PI3K-AKT pathway mutations to enhance HPV-associated cervical cancer","volume":"19","author":"Olwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Omics"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5702","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13225702","article-title":"Kaposi's sarcoma in virally suppressed people living with HIV: an emerging condition","volume":"13","author":"Palich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114176","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v32.i3.114176","article-title":"Chrono-optimal treatments for human immunodeficiency virus\/hepatitis C virus co-infection yield comparable survival outcomes with hepatitis C virus mono-infection","volume":"32","author":"Park","year":"2026","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2015558","DOI":"10.25100\/cm.v54i3.5558","article-title":"Survival of patients living with HIV and cancer in Cali, Colombia","volume":"54","author":"Parra-Lara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Colomb. Med."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16816","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73852-0","article-title":"The rapid CD4 + T-lymphocyte decline and human immunodeficiency virus progression in females compared to males","volume":"10","author":"Parsa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14336","article-title":"MYC status in HIV-associated plasmablastic lymphoma: dual-colour CISH, FISH and immunohistochemistry","volume":"79","author":"Pather","year":"2021","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.126772","article-title":"Macrophages in colorectal cancer: from normal mucosa to distant metastasis: beyond the M1\/M2 paradigm","volume":"17","author":"Pavlov","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2023.0231","article-title":"Anal dysplasia screening in people living with HIV: long-term follow-up in a large cohort from Northwest Spain","volume":"38","author":"P\u00e9rez-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2024","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDs"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100741","article-title":"Integrated phenotyping of the anti-cancer immune response in HIV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"5","author":"Pinato","year":"2023","journal-title":"JHEP Rep."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-025-03214-1","article-title":"Revisiting the use of steroids in oncology","volume":"43","author":"Prasath","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med. Oncol."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003048","article-title":"Plasma galectin-9 as a predictor of adverse non-AIDS events in persons with chronic HIV during suppressive antiretroviral therapy","volume":"35","author":"Premeaux","year":"2021","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10040768","article-title":"HIV-1-mediated acceleration of oncovirus-related non-AIDS-defining cancers","volume":"10","author":"Proulx","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05489-w","article-title":"HMGB1\/TREM2 positive feedback loop drives the development of radioresistance and immune escape of glioblastoma by regulating TLR4\/Akt signaling","volume":"22","author":"Qiu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-20-0055","article-title":"HIV protease inhibitors block HPV16-induced murine cervical carcinoma and promote vessel normalization in association with MMP-9 inhibition and TIMP-3 induction","volume":"19","author":"Qiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.35110","article-title":"Assessment of the safety of nivolumab in people living with HIV with advanced cancer on antiretroviral therapy: the AIDS malignancy consortium 095 study","volume":"130","author":"Rajdev","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2013.05.003","article-title":"Mast cells and macrophages exert beneficial and detrimental effects on tumor progression and angiogenesis","volume":"152","author":"Ribatti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.12.338","article-title":"Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma among adults with HIV\/HBV co-infection in Zambia: a pilot study","volume":"116","author":"Riebensahm","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17083","article-title":"Exhaustion of tumour-infiltrating T-cell receptor repertoire diversity is an age-dependent indicator of immunological fitness independently predictive of clinical outcome in burkitt lymphoma","volume":"193","author":"Rieken","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1013087","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013087","article-title":"In vitro HIV DNA integration in STAT3 drives T cell persistence-a model of HIV-associated T cell lymphoma","volume":"21","author":"Rist","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.107257","article-title":"Pre-existing tumor host immunity characterization in resected non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"181","author":"Rocha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19020205","article-title":"Antiviral drugs in HIV and cardiovascular disease: mechanistic insights and clinical implications","volume":"19","author":"Sayad","year":"2026","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70256","DOI":"10.1002\/deo2.70256","article-title":"Gastric kaposi sarcoma with distinct \u201clobster-like\u201d endoscopic lesions in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient","volume":"6","author":"Shabestari","year":"2026","journal-title":"DEN Open"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.151322","article-title":"Zinc finger protein 598 promotes HIV-1 replication and latent reactivation by stabilizing the expression of viral trans-activator of transcription tat","volume":"353","author":"Shi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.01723","article-title":"Immunology of EBV-related lymphoproliferative disease in HIV-positive individuals","volume":"10","author":"Shindiapina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.106994","article-title":"HIV-1 tat is present in the serum of people living with HIV-1 despite viral suppression","volume":"142","author":"Shmakova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002653","article-title":"Frequent expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma tissues from persons living with HIV","volume":"34","author":"Shponka","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1046","article-title":"Timing of antiretroviral therapy initiation and risk of cancer among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"72","author":"Silverberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Di."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol32070389","article-title":"HIV integration into the PTEN gene and its tumor microenvironment implications for lung cancer","volume":"32","author":"Smith","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpb.2025.02.012","article-title":"Presentation, treatment and long-term outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with and without HIV: a comparative observational cohort study","volume":"27","author":"Sobnach","year":"2025","journal-title":"HPB"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1070_20","article-title":"Ocular syphilis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus\/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"68","author":"Sudharshan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4091","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24386-0","article-title":"Dissecting spatial heterogeneity and the immune-evasion mechanism of CTCs by single-cell RNA-seq in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29840","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29840","article-title":"People living with HIV co-infected with the kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus have a distinct HIV Tat profile and higher rates of antiretroviral virologic failure, more evident among those with Kaposi's sarcoma","volume":"96","author":"Suterio","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000003389","article-title":"Nationwide longitudinal annual survey of HIV\/AIDS referral hospitals in japan from 1999 to 2021: trend in non-AIDS-defining cancers among individuals infected with HIV-1","volume":"96","author":"Tanaka","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.36401\/JIPO-21-2","article-title":"Real-world experiences of CAR T-cell therapy for large B-cell lymphoma: how similar are they to the prospective studies?","volume":"4","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Precis. Oncol."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101843","article-title":"HIV TAT-mediated microglial senescence: role of SIRT3-dependent mitochondrial oxidative stress","volume":"40","author":"Thangaraj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7512","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25147512","article-title":"The complex dysregulations of CD4 T cell subtypes in HIV infection","volume":"25","author":"Tolomeo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-024-00930-x","article-title":"Applications of cell therapy in the treatment of virus-associated cancers","volume":"21","author":"Toner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2020.104433","article-title":"Retrotransposition and senescence in mouse heart tissue by viral protein R of human immunodeficiency virus-1","volume":"114","author":"Ueno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaf595","article-title":"Earlier initiation of treatment following HIV acquisition reduces non-AIDS-defining malignancy risk","volume":"82","author":"van der Wulp","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e942","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaf635","article-title":"Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma after direct-acting antiviral treatment for hepatitis C virus infection in people with HIV","volume":"82","author":"van Santen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002488","article-title":"TIGIT is upregulated by HIV-1 infection and marks a highly functional adaptive and mature subset of natural killer cells","volume":"34","author":"Vendrame","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e41893","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.41893","article-title":"Addressing barriers to care in hepatocellular carcinoma: promoting equity and access","volume":"15","author":"Vikash","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad654","article-title":"Long-term hepatitis B and liver outcomes among adults taking tenofovir-containing antiretroviral therapy for HBV\/HIV coinfection in Zambia","volume":"78","author":"Vinikoor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.20517\/2394-5079.2022.32","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection in Africa: a focus on surveillance","volume":"8","author":"Wan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatoma Res."},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3146","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1318175111","article-title":"Humanized-BLT mouse model of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection","volume":"111","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. U.S.A."},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-020-00939-6","article-title":"Dendritic cell biology and its role in tumor immunotherapy","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1699","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.1699","article-title":"Landscape of gut mucosal immune cells showed gap of follicular or memory B cells into plasma cells in immunological non-responders","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29324","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29324","article-title":"Evaluation of human herpesvirus-8 viremia and antibody positivity in patients with HIV infection with human herpesvirus-8-related diseases","volume":"95","author":"Watanabe","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-06193-1","article-title":"Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus viral protein kinase augments cell survival","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35552","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000035552","article-title":"A retrospective study of Kaposi's sarcoma in Hotan region of Xinjiang, China","volume":"102","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14020134","article-title":"Transcriptomic profiling and tumor microenvironment classification reveal unique and dynamic immune biology in HIV-associated kaposi sarcoma","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.145093","article-title":"HIV-1 tat mediates microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation and neurotoxicity by inducing cytosolic mtDNA stress","volume":"318","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1080\/10409238.2025.2599773","article-title":"The impact of HIV-1 Nef on CD4 + T cells","volume":"61","author":"Yaseen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32880","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2013194117","article-title":"HIV proviral DNA integration can drive T cell growth ex vivo","volume":"117","author":"Yoon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1134\/S0026893322050168","article-title":"[Expression of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in murine cancer cells increases mitochondrial respiration]","volume":"56","author":"Zakirova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000002493","article-title":"Metformin may be a viable adjunctive therapeutic option to potentially enhance immune reconstitution in HIV-positive immunological non-responders","volume":"136","author":"Zaongo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-024-06921-1","article-title":"Hexokinase HK3-mediated o-GlcNAcylation of EP300: a key regulator of PD-L1 expression and immune evasion in ccRCC","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15871","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-99072-y","article-title":"Plasma proteomic analysis reveals altered protein abundances in HIV\/HBV co-infection individuals with HCC and with liver cirrhosis","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-022-09433-3","article-title":"A simple CD4+ T cells to FIB-4 ratio for evaluating prognosis of BCLC-B hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1009728","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009728","article-title":"Evolutionary plasticity of SH3 domain binding by nef proteins of the HIV-1\/SIVcpz lentiviral lineage","volume":"17","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.019","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived indole-3-lactic acid suppresses anti-PD-1 efficacy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"34","author":"Zhou","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0279731","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0279731","article-title":"High baseline body mass index predicts recovery of CD4+ T lymphocytes for HIV\/AIDS patients receiving long-term antiviral therapy","volume":"17","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102774","article-title":"TREM2 in cardiovascular diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives","volume":"109","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1901762\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:26:22Z","timestamp":1788348382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1901762\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"references-count":177,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1901762"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1901762","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"article-number":"1901762"}}