{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T06:19:45Z","timestamp":1787552385114,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Climate change is shifting the distribution of mycotoxigenic fungi, which may alter patterns of co-occurrence in staple crops. Yet, quantitative, reproducible\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    approaches to characterise multispecies growth and interaction outcomes under environmentally relevant conditions remain limited. Here, we developed a small-scale workflow to quantify temperature-dependent interaction outcomes among three major cereal-associated fungi,\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium verticillioides<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>F. graminearum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . High-frequency optical density time series were collected in 96-well liquid cultures across 10 \u00b0C\u201345 \u00b0C. Optical density trajectories were summarised with three-parameter logistic fits used as empirical descriptors of culture-level dynamics (carrying capacity, growth rate, and inflexion point). Species-specific quantitative PCR was then used to quantify endpoint DNA-based species contributions in mixed cultures. Monoculture responses were consistent with established thermal preferences. In co-cultures, optical density-derived interaction patterns indicated a shift in mixed-culture optical performance towards warmer conditions. Quantitative PCR endpoint composition supported an increasing contribution of\n                    <jats:italic>A. flavus<\/jats:italic>\n                    at elevated temperatures, with reduced contributions of both\n                    <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic>\n                    species. These results show that temperature reshapes interaction outcomes through changes in culture-level growth kinetics and endpoint community composition. The workflow provides data suitable for predictive modelling of climate-driven mycotoxin risk and supports interpretation of fungal interaction outcomes in warming agroecosystems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1903639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T05:31:42Z","timestamp":1787549502000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["How temperature reshapes interactions in mixed cultures of mycotoxigenic fungi"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Darina","family":"Balkov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore","place":["Piacenza, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Camardo Leggieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore","place":["Piacenza, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Battilani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore","place":["Piacenza, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14060632","article-title":"Occurrence, toxicity, and analysis of major mycotoxins in food","volume":"14","author":"Alshannaq","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. 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