{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T19:12:00Z","timestamp":1791832320177,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Staphylococcal food poisoning is widespread, causing significant public health problems. This study aimed to characterize the genomic profiles and antimicrobial susceptibility of\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates obtained from food products in Northern Kazakhstan using whole-genome sequencing. The study included 42 food-derived isolates from raw food products (milk, chicken fillet, beef, horse meat, semi-finished meat products) and ready-to-eat (RTE) products (sour cream, butter, canned tuna, culinary dishes). All isolates were recovered from individual samples collected between June 2024 and June 2025 in Northern Kazakhstan (Astana and Kostanay regions). They were characterized using antibiotic susceptibility testing, whole-genome sequencing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and analysis of resistance, enterotoxin, and virulence genes. Phenotypic resistance to cefoxitin (MRSA phenotype) was detected in 21.4% (9\/42) of food-derived isolates; all corresponding strains carried the\n                    <jats:italic>mecA<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene associated with methicillin resistance. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was identified in 9.5% (4\/42) of food-derived isolates. The predominant ST type among MRSA strains was ST22 (8 of 9 strains). Only a single strain, Sa847_KZ, has a truly indeterminate\/unresolved profile. Among classical enterotoxin genes,\n                    <jats:italic>sea<\/jats:italic>\n                    was detected in 4.8% (2\/42) and\n                    <jats:italic>sec<\/jats:italic>\n                    was detected in 9.5% (4\/42) of food-derived isolates. Non-classical enterotoxin genes were more prevalent:\n                    <jats:italic>seg<\/jats:italic>\n                    was found in 57.1% (24\/42) and\n                    <jats:italic>sei<\/jats:italic>\n                    in 19.0% (8\/42) of food-derived samples. The\n                    <jats:italic>tsst<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene, encoding a toxin capable of causing severe acute illness, was detected in 28.6% (12\/42) of food-derived isolates - a prevalence substantially higher than reported for the\n                    <jats:italic>tsst<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene in food-derived\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    from most other regions worldwide. The results emphasize the need for enhanced food quality control and monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in Northern Kazakhstan to prevent cases of food poisoning.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1910820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T04:22:36Z","timestamp":1786076556000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Whole-genome analysis and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from foods in Northern Kazakhstan"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Saniya S.","family":"Kozhakhmetova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Scientific Shared Laboratory of Biotechnology, National Center for Biotechnology","place":["Astana, Kazakhstan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena V.","family":"Zholdybayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Scientific Shared Laboratory of Biotechnology, National Center for Biotechnology","place":["Astana, Kazakhstan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana A.","family":"Basharova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Scientific Shared Laboratory of Biotechnology, National Center for Biotechnology","place":["Astana, Kazakhstan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayazhan","family":"Bekbayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Scientific Shared Laboratory of Biotechnology, National Center for Biotechnology","place":["Astana, Kazakhstan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiganym B.","family":"Toleuzhanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Scientific Shared Laboratory of Biotechnology, National Center for Biotechnology","place":["Astana, Kazakhstan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asset Zh.","family":"Daniyarov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory Astana, Center for Life Sciences, Nazarbayev University","place":["Astana, Kazakhstan"]},{"name":"Department of General Biology and Genomics, L. 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