{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T06:30:32Z","timestamp":1786516232948,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Macroalgal-associated microbiomes are increasingly recognized as key determinants of host fitness, biogeochemical cycling, and cultivation stability in industrial aquaculture. While bacterial assemblages of red macroalgae have received considerable attention, the associated mycobiome, and in particular the yeast fraction, remains poorly characterized, despite mounting evidence that fungal taxa contribute to phytohormone signaling, surface colonization dynamics, and host stress tolerance. In this study, we characterized the culturable yeast fraction associated with five life stages of the red macroalga\n                    <jats:italic>Porphyra dioica<\/jats:italic>\n                    cultivated in an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) system in \u00cdlhavo, Portugal. Yeast isolates were recovered from conchocelis, conchosporangia, young blade, and adult blade stages by direct plating and enrichment on selective media and taxonomically assigned by rRNA gene sequencing. Isolates were further screened for functional traits of ecological and biotechnological relevance, including auxin biosynthesis, biosurfactant and bioemulsifier production, and intracellular lipid accumulation. A total of 21 isolates were recovered and assigned to\n                    <jats:italic>Rhodotorula mucilaginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Naganishia diffluens<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Williopsis vartiovaarae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Taphrina<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp., and\n                    <jats:italic>Sporobolomyces roseus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , spanning both Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Yeast recovery was constrained by chloramphenicol-resistant bacterial overgrowth in algae samples cultivated with filtered, non-sterilized seawater, and therefore the dataset represents the recoverable culturable fraction. Assemblages were structured by host developmental stage:\n                    <jats:italic>N. diffluens<\/jats:italic>\n                    was recovered from conchocelis,\n                    <jats:italic>R. mucilaginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    from conchosporangia, and a shift from ascomycetous taxa (\n                    <jats:italic>W. vartiovaarae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Taphrina<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp.) to pigmented basidiomycetous yeasts (\n                    <jats:italic>N. diffluens<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>S. roseus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) was observed in adult blades approaching harvest. Several isolates produced auxin, biosurfactants, and bioemulsifiers, and accumulated intracellular lipids, supporting potential roles as probiotics in industrial macroalgal cultivation and as candidate strains for value-added bioproducts. This study provides a first insight into the culturable yeast community associated with industrially cultivated\n                    <jats:italic>P. dioica<\/jats:italic>\n                    and establishes a basis for future studies addressing the role of yeasts in macroalgal performance cultivated under IMTA systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1918765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T05:55:05Z","timestamp":1786514105000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Culturable yeasts associated to different life stages of the farmed red seaweed Porphyra dioica"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"M\u00f3nica A.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madalena","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Keller-Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madalena C.","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PCI\u2013Creative Science Park, ALGAplus-Production and Trading of Seaweed and Derived Products S.A.","place":["\u00cdlhavo, Portugal"]},{"name":"GreenCoLab, Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Oceano Verde, Universidade do Algarve","place":["Faro, Portugal"]},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro","place":["Aveiro, Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PCI\u2013Creative Science Park, ALGAplus-Production and Trading of Seaweed and Derived Products S.A.","place":["\u00cdlhavo, Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PCI\u2013Creative Science Park, ALGAplus-Production and Trading of Seaweed and Derived Products S.A.","place":["\u00cdlhavo, Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PCI\u2013Creative Science Park, ALGAplus-Production and Trading of Seaweed and Derived Products S.A.","place":["\u00cdlhavo, Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"S\u00e1-Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-021-01712-1","article-title":"The history, state of the art and future prospects for oleaginous 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