{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T05:15:50Z","timestamp":1788498950771,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Preventing\n                      <jats:italic>Cutibacterium acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) adhesion to human skin is essential for acne control, yet the molecular determinants of adhesion-associated drug resistance remain undefined and no pharmacological agents specifically blocking\n                      <jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      attachment are available.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To evaluate oleum cinnamomi (OC), a natural cinnamon oil, as a potential anti-adhesive modality against\n                      <jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      antibacterial assays, quantitative chemoproteomics, and keratinocyte infection models were integrated to quantify OC-mediated inhibition of\n                      <jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      adhesion and biofilm formation, map covalent targets of OC electrophiles cinnamaldehyde (CA) and 2-methoxycinnamaldehyde (MCA), and delineate downstream metabolic perturbations via untargeted metabolomics and redox profiling.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      OC, CA and MCA concentration-dependently reduced\n                      <jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      adhesion (&amp;gt; 80%) without rapid bactericidal activity. Both CA and MCA covalently modified Cys359 of enolase (ENO), suppressing glycolytic flux and ATP generation. Independently, CA formed a thiohemiacetal adduct with coenzyme A (CoA), blocking acyl-transfer reactions required for fatty-acid metabolism and membrane biogenesis. The combined effects elevated the NADH\/NAD\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ratio, disrupted oligosaccharide homeostasis, and impaired biofilm exopolysaccharide biosynthesis with altered monosaccharide composition, thereby compromising biofilm formation and driving\n                      <jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      into a metabolically compromised state.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      OC-derived electrophiles act as metabolic modulators that incapacitate\n                      <jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      adhesion and biofilm development through orthogonal inhibition of ENO and CoA-dependent pathways, providing a mechanistic blueprint for potential topical anti-acne therapies that circumvent conventional antibiotic resistance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1919350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T04:26:01Z","timestamp":1788495961000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Oleum cinnamomi disrupts Cutibacterium acnes adhesion and metabolism by covalently targeting enolase and coenzyme A"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jianchao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Chemistry and Pharmacology in Wuling Mountainous of Hunan Province College, Jishou University","place":["Jishou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lanting","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Chemistry and Pharmacology in Wuling Mountainous of Hunan Province College, Jishou University","place":["Jishou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaonuo","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Chemistry and Pharmacology in Wuling Mountainous of Hunan Province College, Jishou University","place":["Jishou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingchao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanjing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Chemistry and Pharmacology in Wuling Mountainous of Hunan Province College, Jishou University","place":["Jishou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinjun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huayong","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Chemistry and Pharmacology in Wuling Mountainous of Hunan Province College, Jishou University","place":["Jishou, China"]},{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Depo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.2147\/ITT.S46694","article-title":"Identification, characterization, and synthesis of peptide epitopes and a recombinant six-epitope protein for Trichomonas vaginalis serodiagnosis.","volume":"2","author":"Alderete","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunotargets Ther."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-022-02938-x","article-title":"Activity of essential oils against multidrug-resistant Salmonella enteritidis.","volume":"79","author":"Alibi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. 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