{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T14:19:10Z","timestamp":1789395550591,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Acute graft-vs.-host disease (aGvHD) is a life-threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), where allogeneic donor T cells recognize recipient tissues as foreign and damage them. Gut microbiota disruption following allo-HCT has been associated with increased aGvHD incidence, severity, and mortality. Growing clinical evidence suggests the efficacy of fecal microbiotherapy to restore a healthy and diverse gut microbiota and to treat aGvHD. MaaT013 (Xervyteg\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), a standardized allogeneic fecal microbiotherapy derived from pooled healthy human fecal microbiota, has demonstrated efficacy in mitigating steroid-refractory aGvHD in the Phase 2 HERACLES trial, and is currently being evaluated in the pivotal ARES trial in ruxolitinib-resistant aGvHD with gastrointestinal involvement.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Here, multi-omics analyses across complementary\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      models suggest that MaaT013 modulates biological processes involved in aGvHD pathogenesis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      First, MaaT013-derived metabolites prevented inflammation-induced gut barrier alteration in an\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      leaky gut model. Second, MaaT013 stimulated dendritic cell-mediated Tregs amplification and subsequent release of IL-10 and TGF-b\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Third, beneficial bacteria from MaaT013 engrafted in the gut of germ-free mice, producing anti-inflammatory metabolites and restoring healthy gut physiology through immune rebalancing. Finally, MaaT013 delayed the appearance of aGvHD symptoms in a specific-pathogen free xenogeneic mouse model of aGvHD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Together, these results provide exploratory, multi-model evidence of MaaT013's potential to mitigate aGvHD by restoring microbial diversity, gut integrity, and immune homeostasis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1920614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T13:27:01Z","timestamp":1789392421000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["MaaT013 fecal microbiotherapy modulates key gastro-intestinal and immunological processes involved in GvHD pathogenesis in vitro and in vivo"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Bastien","family":"Laperrousaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MaaT Pharma","place":["Lyon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Reygner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MaaT Pharma","place":["Lyon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaux","family":"de Seilhac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MaaT Pharma","place":["Lyon, France"]},{"name":"INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy (INCIT), University of Angers, Nantes University","place":["Nantes, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Sabourin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MaaT Pharma","place":["Lyon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassandra","family":"Bompard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MaaT Pharma","place":["Lyon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyrielle","family":"Gasc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MaaT Pharma","place":["Lyon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Prestat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MaaT Pharma","place":["Lyon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beno\u00eet","family":"Levast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MaaT Pharma","place":["Lyon, France"]},{"name":"Genoway","place":["Lyon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Petitjean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MaaT Pharma","place":["Lyon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Declomesnil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MaaT Pharma","place":["Lyon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Godefroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy (INCIT), University of Angers, Nantes University","place":["Nantes, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"Schwintner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MaaT Pharma","place":["Lyon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Corva\u00efa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MaaT Pharma","place":["Lyon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert R.","family":"Jenq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte","place":["CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernst","family":"Holler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III (Haematology\/Oncology), University Hospital Regensburg","place":["Regensburg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaaw0720","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaw0720","article-title":"Intestinal goblet cells protect against GVHD after allogeneic stem cell transplantation via Lypd8","volume":"12","author":"Ara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. 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