{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T06:24:29Z","timestamp":1787293469352,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The Phytophthora blight of\n                    <jats:italic>Panax notoginseng<\/jats:italic>\n                    , caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Phytophthora cactorum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , is a devastating oomycete disease. Biocontrol strategies hold immense potential for inhibiting the spread of\n                    <jats:italic>P. cactorum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We isolated 72 actinobacteria from soil and screened their antagonistic activity against\n                    <jats:italic>P. cactorum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Both strain J36 and its cell-free filtrate exhibited strong antagonistic activity against\n                    <jats:italic>P. cactorum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and were therefore selected. Based on the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree, strain J36 formed a well supported subclade with\n                    <jats:italic>Streptomyces zaomyceticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    NRRL B-2038 (bootstrap value 100%). However, because 16S rRNA sequences often lack sufficient resolution for species-level discrimination, we performed multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using three housekeeping genes (rpoB, recA, and atpD). The MLSA results consistently placed strain J36 within the same cluster as\n                    <jats:italic>S. zaomyceticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    NRRL B-2038, with a bootstrap support of 99%, indicating a close phylogenetic relationship. To further clarify the taxonomic status, we calculated the average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA\u2013DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain J36 and the type strain of\n                    <jats:italic>S. zaomyceticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    NBC-00415\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    . The ANI value was 90.91% and the dDDH value was 39.30%, both well below the accepted thresholds for species demarcation (ANI\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f95%, dDDH &amp;lt; 70%). These genomic indices therefore strongly support that strain J36 represents a novel species within the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Through whole-genome sequencing and CAZymes analysis, a total of 98 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) were detected, including 2 cellulase and 2 \u03b2-1,3-glucanases. The cell-free filtrate, which exhibited strong antagonistic activity against\n                    <jats:italic>P. cactorum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , also showed high activities of cellulase and \u03b2-1,3-glucanase, suggesting that these enzymes may be involved in its anti-oomycete activity. These findings suggest that J36 has potential as a biocontrol candidate, although further\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    evaluation is needed to confirm its efficacy against\n                    <jats:italic>Phytophthora<\/jats:italic>\n                    blight of\n                    <jats:italic>P. notoginseng<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1922030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T05:38:14Z","timestamp":1787290694000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genome analysis and antagonistic activity of Streptomyces sp. strain J36 against Phytophthora cactorum"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Shuang","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenshan Sanqi Institute of Science and Technology, College of Notoginseng Medicine and Pharmacy, Wenshan University","place":["Wenshan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisha","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenshan Sanqi Institute of Science and Technology, College of Notoginseng Medicine and Pharmacy, Wenshan University","place":["Wenshan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Die","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenshan Sanqi Institute of Science and Technology, College of Notoginseng Medicine and Pharmacy, Wenshan University","place":["Wenshan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gao","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenshan Sanqi Institute of Science and Technology, College of Notoginseng Medicine and Pharmacy, Wenshan University","place":["Wenshan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenshan Sanqi Institute of Science and Technology, College of Notoginseng Medicine and Pharmacy, Wenshan University","place":["Wenshan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongjian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenshan Sanqi Institute of Science and Technology, College of Notoginseng Medicine and Pharmacy, Wenshan University","place":["Wenshan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenshan Sanqi Institute of Science and Technology, College of Notoginseng Medicine and Pharmacy, Wenshan University","place":["Wenshan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenshan Sanqi Institute of Science and Technology, College of Notoginseng Medicine and Pharmacy, Wenshan University","place":["Wenshan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W451","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki487","article-title":"GeneMark: web software for gene finding in prokaryotes, eukaryotes and viruses","volume":"33","author":"Besemer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.09.036","article-title":"Actinomycetes benefaction role in soil and plant health","volume":"111","author":"Bhatti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microb. 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