{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T08:58:53Z","timestamp":1790326733776,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Cronobacter malonaticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    is an emerging foodborne pathogen posing severe threats to vulnerable populations. Despite the established role of the ubiquitous second messenger cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) in bacterial virulence, the specific diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) that orchestrate pathogenicity in\n                    <jats:italic>C. malonaticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    are unknown. Here, we systematically characterized 13 putative DGCs in\n                    <jats:italic>C. malonaticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and identified CrdA as a pivotal regulator. We demonstrated that CrdA reciprocally inhibits swimming motility and promotes cellulose-dependent biofilm formation by modulating intracellular c-di-GMP levels. Functional and structural analyses revealed that the N-terminal transmembrane domains of CrdA are essential for its dimerization and enzymatic activity. Furthermore, CrdA enhances bacterial adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells and gut colonization\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , with its expression being induced upon host cell contact. Mechanistically, CrdA suppresses motility partially through the c-di-GMP effector YcgR and regulates biofilm formation in a BcsA-dependent manner. Collectively, this work elucidates a novel signaling pathway where CrdA integrates environmental cues to orchestrate a virulence-associated lifestyle switch, advancing our understanding of c-di-GMP signaling in\n                    <jats:italic>Cronobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    pathogenicity and highlighting a potential target for disrupting biofilm-mediated persistence in food systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1922582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T07:59:26Z","timestamp":1790323166000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The diguanylate cyclase CrdA contributes to cell adhesion and gut colonization by switching motility and sessile state of Cronobacter malonaticus"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jia","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory, Northwest University First Hospital","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinlu","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, 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Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]},{"name":"School of Medicine, Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]},{"name":"School of Medicine, Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]},{"name":"School of Medicine, Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiping","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingming","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]},{"name":"School of Medicine, Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuwei","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory, Xi\u2019an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haifeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory, Xi\u2019an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junlong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]},{"name":"School of Medicine, Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medical Technology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Xianyang, 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