{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T10:50:02Z","timestamp":1791370202215,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":159,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The gut\u2013brain axis is a bidirectional communication network linking the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system (CNS), in which the gut microbiota and its metabolites have emerged as important modulators. Alterations in the gut microbiota have been reported in a range of neurological, psychiatric, and metabolic disorders, but their underlying mechanisms and causal relevance in humans are still unclear. This review examines the major neural, endocrine, immune, and metabolic pathways involved in microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain communication and discusses how their disruption may affect neurotransmitter signaling, inflammation, barrier function, and host metabolism. We also review current intervention strategies, including microbiota modulation, dietary and metabolic approaches, neural and immunomodulatory interventions, and behavioral and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) approaches. Particular attention is given to the strength of the available evidence, its clinical relevance, and the limitations and safety considerations that need to be addressed before gut\u2013brain-axis-based strategies can be more widely applied.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1923456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T09:55:34Z","timestamp":1791366934000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Targeting the gut\u2013brain axis: novel strategies for disease intervention from mechanisms to clinical practice"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Fan","family":"Lele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Huzhou Central Hospital, Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","place":["Huzhou, Zhejiang, China"]},{"name":"Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University","place":["Huzhou, Zhejiang, China"]},{"name":"Zhejiang-France United Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine in Colorectal Cancer","place":["Huzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo","family":"Yuying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huzhou Central Hospital, Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","place":["Huzhou, Zhejiang, China"]},{"name":"Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University","place":["Huzhou, Zhejiang, China"]},{"name":"Zhejiang-France United Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine in Colorectal Cancer","place":["Huzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huzhou Central Hospital, Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","place":["Huzhou, Zhejiang, China"]},{"name":"Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University","place":["Huzhou, Zhejiang, China"]},{"name":"Zhejiang-France United Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine in Colorectal Cancer","place":["Huzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Shuwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huzhou Central Hospital, Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","place":["Huzhou, Zhejiang, China"]},{"name":"Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University","place":["Huzhou, Zhejiang, China"]},{"name":"Zhejiang-France United Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine in Colorectal Cancer","place":["Huzhou, Zhejiang, China"]},{"name":"School of Medicine, Tarim University","place":["Alaer, Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuang","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huzhou Central Hospital, Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","place":["Huzhou, Zhejiang, China"]},{"name":"Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University","place":["Huzhou, Zhejiang, China"]},{"name":"Zhejiang-France United Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine in Colorectal Cancer","place":["Huzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-311680","article-title":"Constipation preceding Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"87","author":"Adams-Carr","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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