{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T06:30:31Z","timestamp":1786516231646,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The decline in production performance of late-phase laying hens is closely associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. This study evaluated whether dietary milk thistle meal (MTM) could improve performance by modulating the gut microbiota. A total of 450 Jinghong 3.0 laying hens (55 weeks old) were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments: a basal diet or diets with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, or 10.0% MTM, respectively. The experiment lasted 8 weeks. Overall, results indicated dose-dependent effects of MTM on hen performance. Specifically, both average egg weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) showed significant linear and quadratic responses to MTM level (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05). Notably, during the trial, the MTM5.0 group exhibited the highest average egg weight among all groups and lower FCR than the MTM10.0 group (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05). Regarding egg quality, yolk color was significantly improved in groups receiving \u2265 5.0% MTM compared with that of the CON group (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05), while the Haugh unit was highest in the 5.0% MTM group (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05). Similarly, the apparent crude protein digestibility was also highest in the MTM5.0 group (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05). 16S rRNA sequencing of excreta samples revealed that MTM modulated specific microbial taxa in a dose-dependent manner, with the 5.0% inclusion level associated with the best performance. Specifically, the relative abundance of genus\n                    <jats:italic>Turicibacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    increased linearly with dietary MTM level (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05). Additionally, the relative abundance of the phylum\n                    <jats:italic>Bacteroidota<\/jats:italic>\n                    and genus\n                    <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                    showed significant quadratic trends (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05). Functional prediction (PICRUSt2) further revealed that MTM predominantly influenced amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism pathways, with the most pronounced effects at the 2.5% dose. Collectively, dietary inclusion of 5.0% MTM improved production performance and egg quality in late-phase laying hens, potentially through maintenance of gut microbial homeostasis and enhanced nutrient utilization.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1925351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T05:54:56Z","timestamp":1786514096000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dietary milk thistle meal supplementation modulates gut microbiota and improves performance and egg quality in late-phase laying hens"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yanrong","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology, Guiyang Kangyang University, Guiyang","place":["Guizhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University","place":["Jinzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University","place":["Jinzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology, Guiyang Kangyang University, Guiyang","place":["Guizhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology, Guiyang Kangyang University, Guiyang","place":["Guizhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104029","article-title":"Effects of micelle silymarin in corn-soybean meal-based diet on laying hens\u2019 performance, egg quality, and blood profile, with comparative assessment of blood absorption rates between powdered and micelle silymarin.","volume":"103","author":"Ahammad","year":"","journal-title":"Poult. 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