{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T14:22:29Z","timestamp":1788272549069,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is a common and life-threatening respiratory disorder that affects newborns, significantly impacting their health and survival rates. In recent years, the potential role of the gut-lung axis in NRDS has garnered increasing attention; however, the specific mechanisms involved remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between NRDS and gut microbial composition and functional profiles using shotgun metagenomic sequencing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case\u2013control study recruited 25 infants diagnosed with NRDS and 15 healthy newborns, all aged between 2 and 6\u202fdays. Fecal samples were collected from all participants for subsequent metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was no significant difference in \u03b1-diversity between the NRDS group and the control (CON) group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.3335). However, \u03b2-diversity exhibited a significant difference (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.001). In the NRDS group, the gut microbiota was enriched with Bacillota,\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , while\n                      <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      and butyrate metabolism-related bacteria (\n                      <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/Butyricicoccus) were significantly reduced (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). Functional analysis indicated that\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection and the Phosphotransferase system (PTS) pathway were enriched in the NRDS group, whereas Butanoate metabolism and Glutathione metabolism were significantly enriched in the CON group. A 10-species classifier achieved 96% AUC for NRDS prediction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NRDS was associated with differences in gut microbial composition and shotgun-metagenomic functional profiles. These preliminary findings characterize group-level microbial differences but do not establish whether the observed alterations preceded or resulted from NRDS. Longitudinal studies are required to clarify their temporal relationship and clinical relevance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1925400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T14:04:19Z","timestamp":1788271459000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The association between neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and gut microbiota dysbiosis: evidence from metagenomics"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Faqun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University","place":["Nanchang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinghua","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University","place":["Nanchang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University","place":["Nanchang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University","place":["Nanchang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangxiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University","place":["Nanchang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunping","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University","place":["Nanchang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University","place":["Nanchang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.13333","article-title":"Gut\u2013organ axis: a microbial outreach and networking","volume":"72","author":"Ahlawat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lett. 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