{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T06:07:34Z","timestamp":1789106854889,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Intensive cucumber continuous cropping disrupts rhizosphere balance and triggers severe\n                    <jats:italic>Meloidogyne incognita<\/jats:italic>\n                    infestation. Cucumber-pepper rotation alleviates this via recruiting the rhizobacteria\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudarthrobacter oxydans<\/jats:italic>\n                    RH60. However, the mediating role of rhizobacterial interaction networks remains unclear. Here, we clarified the bidirectional regulatory mechanism of this nematode disease via RH60-centered rhizobacterial interactions. Rhizobacteria from the rhizospheres of continuously cropped cucumber and rotated pepper were firstly isolated. Their effects on RH60 growth were screened via fermentation filtrate and filter disc assays. Target strains were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic characterization.\n                    <jats:italic>Myroides odoratus<\/jats:italic>\n                    P69 (from pepper rhizosphere) was identified as an RH60-synergistic strain and\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus toyonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    RH119 (from cucumber rhizosphere) as an RH60-antagonistic strain. Data from growth promotion and biofilm formation assays showed that pepper root exudates specifically recruited P69, while cucumber root exudates specifically enriched RH119. Two-compartment petri dish co-culture and gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS) assays were performed. The results indicated that RH119 inhibited RH60 growth by releasing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (predominantly isoamyl isovalerate and isopropyl 2-methylbutyrate). Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to quantify RH60 rhizosphere colonization, and pot experiments were conducted to verify disease control efficacy. P69 enhanced RH60 colonization capacity and disease-suppressive effect, thereby promoting cucumber root growth. In contrast, RH119 reduced RH60 colonization and exacerbated the nematode disease. These results demonstrate the root exudates and microbe-derived VOCs jointly mediate RH60-centered interactions. These interactions drive bidirectional nematode disease regulation under continuous cropping and rotation, providing insights for sustainable cucumber production.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1926380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:30:16Z","timestamp":1789104616000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pseudarthrobacter oxydans RH60-mediated rhizobacterial interactions bidirectionally regulate cucumber root-knot disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University","place":["Wuhan, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanru","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University","place":["Wuhan, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huihui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University","place":["Wuhan, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingmei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Plant Nematology, Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University","place":["Wuhan, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengxin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Plant Nematology, Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiyao","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Plant Nematology, Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaofeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University","place":["Wuhan, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University","place":["Wuhan, China"]},{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Plant Nematology, Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rhisph.2025.101164","article-title":"Bacillus-derived synthetic communities inhibit nematodes and promote plant growth in rice 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Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863341","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.863341","article-title":"Bacillus licheniformis JF-22 to control Meloidogyne incognita and its effect on tomato rhizosphere microbial community","volume":"13","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.133356","article-title":"Microalgae as a potential conditioner for continuous cropping obstacles for taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) production","volume":"369","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cj.2025.05.011","article-title":"Optimizing the rotation cycle of previous crops increases crop yield and environmental sustainability in paddy field rotation","volume":"13","author":"Gun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crop J."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5208","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.7727","article-title":"VOCs from fungi-infected apples attract and increase the oviposition of yellow peach moth Conogethes punctiferalis","volume":"79","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pest Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.13964","article-title":"Nitrogen fixation and crop productivity enhancements co-driven by intercrop root exudates and key rhizosphere bacteria","volume":"58","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiab337","article-title":"Manipulating exudate composition from root apices shapes the microbiome throughout the root system","volume":"187","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1007\/s10343-023-00886-5","article-title":"Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.): biology, plant-nematode interactions and their environmentally benign management strategies","volume":"75","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gesunde Pflanz."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.125833","article-title":"Assessing the agricultural, environmental, and economic effects of crop diversity management: a comprehensive review on crop rotation and cover crop practices","volume":"387","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"30","article-title":"Pathogenesis of root-knot nematodes to the Porto-Rico variety of sweetpotato","volume":"48","author":"Krusberg","year":"1958","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy14051081","article-title":"Screening of germplasm and construction of evaluation system for autotoxicity tolerance during seed germination in cucumber","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-022-01234-x","article-title":"The phyllosphere microbiome shifts toward combating melanose pathogen","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiome."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1007\/s13593-023-00918-4","article-title":"Legume-based rotation enhances subsequent wheat yield and maintains soil carbon storage","volume":"43","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Agron. Sustain. Dev."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fuad066","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuad066","article-title":"Root colonization by beneficial rhizobacteria","volume":"48","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cj.2025.07.008","article-title":"Fulvic acid increases rice resistance to phosphorus deficiency by increasing plant P uptake and rhizosphere P mobilization","volume":"13","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crop J."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-96277-z","article-title":"Identification of a potent attractant and oviposition stimulant blend for Bactrocera dorsalis for sustainable pest management","volume":"15","author":"Mobarak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.13850","article-title":"Spatiotemporal patterns of rhizosphere microbiome assembly: from ecological theory to agricultural application","volume":"58","author":"Munoz-Ucros","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140682","article-title":"Beneficial features of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for improving plant growth and health in challenging conditions: a methodical review","volume":"743","author":"Olenska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2022.127137","article-title":"Rhizobiome engineering: unveiling complex rhizosphere interactions to enhance plant growth and health","volume":"263","author":"Orozco-Mosqueda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. 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Rep."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-024-01814-z","article-title":"Synthetic community derived from grafted watermelon rhizosphere provides protection for ungrafted watermelon against Fusarium oxysporum via microbial synergistic effects","volume":"12","author":"Qiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-025-01872-8","article-title":"The nematode egg parasitic fungi, Niesslia gamsii and Polydomus karssenii, protect tomato against Meloidogyne hapla by priming and regulating the plant defence system","volume":"98","author":"Rashidifard","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Pest. Sci."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2023.102336","article-title":"Compounds from rhizosphere microbes that promote plant growth","volume":"73","author":"Ravelo-Ortega","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3878","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eraa111","article-title":"Tailoring plant-associated microbial inoculants in agriculture: a roadmap for successful application","volume":"71","author":"Saad","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2021.11.020","article-title":"How plants recruit their microbiome? New insights into beneficial interactions","volume":"40","author":"Santoyo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-021-04933-w","article-title":"Microbial deterioration and restoration in greenhouse-based intensive vegetable production systems","volume":"463","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2021.126721","article-title":"Belowground fungal volatiles perception in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) facilitates plant growth under biotic stress","volume":"246","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3003416","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3003416","article-title":"How to harness the effects of exudates and microbes that support beneficial plant-plant interactions for sustainable agriculture","volume":"23","author":"Stirnemann","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2025.128089","article-title":"Diverse effects of Bacillus sp. NYG5-emitted volatile organic compounds on plant growth, rhizosphere microbiome, and soil chemistry","volume":"295","author":"Sudakov","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xplc.2024.101139","article-title":"Pepper root exudate alleviates cucumber root-knot nematode infection by recruiting a rhizobacterium","volume":"6","author":"Tian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Commun."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpj.2020.07.002","article-title":"Variation and dynamics of soil nematode communities in greenhouses with different continuous cropping periods","volume":"6","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hortic. Plant J."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2016.12.030","article-title":"Biocontrol agents in co-inoculation manages root knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood] and enhances essential oil content in Ocimum basilicum L.","volume":"97","author":"Tiwari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ind. Crop. Prod."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-025-01969-0","article-title":"Bacillus spp. as eco-friendly agents for the biocontrol of plant-parasitic nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)","volume":"99","author":"Vanin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Pest. Sci."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2023.104836","article-title":"Ten years of green manuring and biofumigation alters soil characteristics and microbiota","volume":"187","author":"Walker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2021.108391","article-title":"Comparing root exudate collection techniques: an improved hybrid method","volume":"161","author":"Williams","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318586","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1318586","article-title":"Continuous cropping of potato changed the metabolic pathway of root exudates to drive rhizosphere microflora","volume":"14","author":"Xing","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-014-0516-0","article-title":"Different continuous cropping spans significantly affect microbial community membership and structure in a vanilla-grown soil as revealed by deep pyrosequencing","volume":"70","author":"Xiong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiab480","article-title":"Modulating the rhizosphere microbiome by altering the cocktail of root secretions","volume":"188","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13396","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.13396","article-title":"Metabolic variations in root tissues and rhizosphere soils of weak host plants potently lead to distinct host status and chemotaxis regulation of Meloidogyne incognita in intercropping","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.14348","article-title":"Biocontrol mechanisms of Bacillus: improving the efficiency of green agriculture","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microb. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7890","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35452-6","article-title":"Cross-kingdom synthetic microbiota supports tomato suppression of Fusarium wilt disease","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2021.103883","article-title":"Mixing of biochar, vinegar and mushroom residues regulates soil microbial community and increases cucumber yield under continuous cropping regime","volume":"161","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8126","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43926-4","article-title":"Crop rotation and native microbiome inoculation restore soil capacity to suppress a root disease","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2023.03.009","article-title":"Interspecific plant interaction via root exudates structures the disease suppressiveness of rhizosphere microbiomes","volume":"16","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Plant"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1926380\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:30:18Z","timestamp":1789104618000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1926380\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1926380"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1926380","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"article-number":"1926380"}}