{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:55:09Z","timestamp":1790751309220,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The most frequently isolated fungus from mycotic mastitis in cattle is\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which can cause infection by germinating on the animal's surface to form hyphae that penetrate epithelial and endothelial barriers and initiate mastitis. In this study, the fungal strain DAH1043FM was isolated from the milk of a cow with mastitis and identified as\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing. Species identity was further confirmed by whole-genome Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) analysis.\n                    <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    DAH1043FM showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 0.5 \u03bcg\/mL for amphotericin B and itraconazole, 0.12 \u03bcg\/mL for posaconazole and voriconazole, 128 \u03bcg\/mL for fluconazole, and &amp;gt;8 \u03bcg\/mL for caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin. Comparative Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) with two reference genomes of\n                    <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , Af293 and A1163, was used to identify genetic variants, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and other mutations, in genes associated with antifungal resistance, including those involved in drug efflux, ergosterol biosynthesis, echinocandin target pathways, and other resistance-related processes. Furthermore, genome mining identified biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) showing substantial similarity to characterized pathways associated with fumiquinazoline (100%), gliotoxin (84%), fumagillin (80%), and trypacidin (71%). These results demonstrate that strain DAH1043FM carries predicted genetic variants in target pathways while exhibiting wild-type susceptibility to azoles alongside off-scale endpoints for echinocandins. Genome analysis of strain DAH1043FM identified predicted secondary metabolite BGCs, highlighting the value of genome-level surveillance for fungal isolates recovered from bovine milk.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1928624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:00:11Z","timestamp":1790748011000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antifungal susceptibility and genomic profile associated with biosynthetic gene clusters of bovine mastitis-derived Aspergillus fumigatus DAH1043FM"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Prajapati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University","place":["Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Gujarat Arts and Science College","place":["Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"]},{"name":"Office of Deputy Director of Animal Husbandry, FMD Typing Scheme, Pashupalan Sankul","place":["Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"Parmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University","place":["Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Gujarat Arts and Science College","place":["Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Chavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gujarat Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Science and Technology","place":["Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vartika","family":"Chandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Deputy Director of Animal Husbandry, FMD Typing Scheme, Pashupalan Sankul","place":["Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satyamitra","family":"Shekh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gujarat Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Science and Technology","place":["Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashish","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gujarat Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Science and Technology","place":["Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pritesh","family":"Sabara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gujarat Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Science and Technology","place":["Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Kanani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gujarat Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Science and Technology","place":["Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Snehal","family":"Bagatharia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gujarat Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Science and Technology","place":["Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaitanya Kumar","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University","place":["Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Gujarat Arts and Science College","place":["Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W547","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaf394","article-title":"The UniProt website API: facilitating programmatic access to protein knowledge","volume":"53","author":"Ahmad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.21608\/svu.2024.308859.1336","article-title":"Study on mycological and molecular detection of yeast and mold isolated from bovine mastitis","volume":"7","author":"Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"SVU Int. J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"B3","first-page":"105","article-title":"Proof evaluation and comparison of four screening tests against milk culture for detection of subclinical mastitis in lactating cattle and buffalo in Egypt","volume":"8","author":"Alkhouly","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Appl. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2019.12.030","article-title":"Evaluation of molecular identification of aspergillus species causing fungal keratitis","volume":"27","author":"Alshehri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3504","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00190-08","article-title":"Establishing in vitro-in vivo correlations for aspergillus fumigatus: the challenge of azoles vs. echinocandins","volume":"52","author":"Arendrup","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-021-00993-x","article-title":"Aspergillus fumigatus pan-genome analysis identifies genetic variants associated with human infection","volume":"6","author":"Barber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"B7","first-page":"105","article-title":"Literature Review Bovine Mastitis: Causopathology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Patho-Pathogenesis. Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences","volume":"8","author":"Belete Temesgen","year":"2026"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W29","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab335","article-title":"AntiSMASH 6.0: improving cluster detection and comparison capabilities","volume":"49","author":"Blin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5825","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab293","article-title":"eggNOG-mapper v2: functional annotation, orthology assignments, and domain prediction at the metagenomic scale","volume":"38","author":"Cantalapiedra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165994","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1165994","article-title":"The bovine nasal fungal community and associations with bovine respiratory disease","volume":"10","author":"Centeno-Martinez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4305","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043805","article-title":"Allicin alleviated LPS-induced mastitis via the TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway in bovine mammary epithelial cells","volume":"24","author":"Che","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00151","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00151-22","article-title":"Deletion of cox7c results in pan-azole resistance in aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"66","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-024-03914-2","article-title":"Economic losses caused by mastitis and the influence of climate variation on the occurrence of the disease in a dairy cattle farm in southern Brazil","volume":"56","author":"Corr\u00eaa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/biol-2022-1006","article-title":"Optimizing a modified cetyltrimethylammonium bromide protocol for fungal DNA extraction: insights from multilocus gene amplification","author":"Dar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Open Life Sci."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5150","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00686-11","article-title":"Wild-type MIC distributions and epidemiological cutoff values for amphotericin B and aspergillus spp. for the CLSI broth microdilution method (M38-A2 document)","volume":"55","author":"Espinel-Ingroff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlaf219","article-title":"Global epidemiology of azole resistance in aspergillus fumigatus","author":"Fengler","year":"2026","journal-title":"JAC. Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00854-09","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation of chitin synthases by calcineurin controls paradoxical growth of aspergillus fumigatus in response to caspofungin","volume":"54","author":"Fortwendel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.3390\/genes9070363","article-title":"Genome-wide comparative analysis of aspergillus fumigatus strains: the reference genome as a matter of concern","volume":"9","author":"Garcia-Rubio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46510-0","article-title":"Comparison of DNA extraction methods for Aspergillus fumigatus using real-time PCR","volume":"55","author":"Griffiths","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13857","article-title":"Aspergillus fumigatus-derived gliotoxin impacts innate immune cell activation through modulating lipid mediator production in macrophages","volume":"173","author":"G\u00fcnther","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"r7","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2008-9-1-r7","article-title":"Automated eukaryotic gene structure annotation using evidencemodeler and the program to assemble spliced alignments","volume":"9","author":"Haas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.3390\/jof10120820","article-title":"The molecular basis of the intrinsic and acquired resistance to azole antifungals in aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"10","author":"Hosseini","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Fungi"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5110","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07641-9","article-title":"High throughput ANI analysis of 90K prokaryotic genomes reveals clear species boundaries","volume":"9","author":"Jain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3522","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03522-y","article-title":"Genetic framework sequencing analysis of Candida tropicalis in dairy cow mastitis and study of pathogenicity and drug resistance","volume":"24","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01277","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01277-17","article-title":"Emergence of echinocandin resistance due to a point mutation in the fks1 gene of Aspergillus fumigatus in a patient with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"61","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Ortigosa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2938","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btn564","article-title":"SNAP: a web-based tool for identification and annotation of proxy SNPs using HapMap","volume":"24","author":"Johnson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15050412","article-title":"Nanomaterials in the management of fungal udder inflammation in cattle as an effective preventive strategy based on in vitro studies","volume":"15","author":"Kot","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2021.04.021","article-title":"Global and countrywide prevalence of subclinical and clinical mastitis in dairy cattle and buffaloes by systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"136","author":"Krishnamoorthy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-014-9845-2","article-title":"Survey of bovine mycotic mastitis in different mammary gland statuses in two north-eastern regions of algeria","volume":"179","author":"Ksouri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00918-23","article-title":"The cytochrome P450 reductase CprA is a rate-limiting factor for Cyp51A-mediated azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus","author":"K\u00fchbacher","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"msae263","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msae263","article-title":"MEGA12: Molecular evolutionary genetic analysis version 12 for adaptive and green computing","volume":"41","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02286-13","article-title":"Identification of a key lysine residue in heat shock protein 90 required for azole and echinocandin resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"58","author":"Lamoth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W78","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae268","article-title":"Interactive tree of life (iTOL) v6: recent updates to the phylogenetic tree display and annotation tool","volume":"52","author":"Letunic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0193671","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193671","article-title":"Evaluation of milk sample fractions for characterization of milk microbiota from healthy and clinical mastitis cows","volume":"13","author":"Lima","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6804","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-8066","article-title":"Novel extraction method of genomic DNA suitable for long-fragment amplification from small amounts of milk","volume":"97","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3001890","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001890","article-title":"The pan-genome of aspergillus fumigatus provides a high-resolution view of its population structure revealing high levels of lineage-specific diversity driven by recombination","volume":"20","author":"Lofgren","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2878","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bth315","article-title":"TigrScan and GlimmerHMM: two open source ab initio eukaryotic gene-finders","volume":"20","author":"Majoros","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2023.1636-1646","article-title":"Molecular characterization of gliotoxin-producing Aspergillus fumigatus in dairy cattle feed","volume":"16","author":"Mohamed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vas.2023.100306","article-title":"Bovine mastitis, a worldwide impact disease: prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and viable alternative approaches","volume":"21","author":"Morales-Ubaldo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"B40","volume-title":"Procedures for Collecting Milk Samples","year":"2004"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13112495","article-title":"Clinical and genomic insights into antifungal resistance in aspergillus isolates from Thailand","author":"Onchan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.26855\/ijfsa.2023.09.015","article-title":"Etiology, transmission, epidemiology, clinical spectrum, diagnosis and management of fungal mastitis in dairy animals: a mini review","volume":"7","author":"Pal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Agric."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12691\/ajeid-12-3-2","article-title":"Growing role of fungi in the reproductive disorders of animals","author":"Pal","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Adv. Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"B44","author":"Palmer","year":"2020"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2024.168764","article-title":"Bridging the gap between sequence and structure classifications of proteins with alphafold models","author":"Pei","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01970","article-title":"Revealing the virulence potential of clinical and environmental aspergillus fumigatus isolates using whole-genome sequencing","volume":"10","author":"Pu\u00e9rtolas-Balint","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D503","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt953","article-title":"MEROPS: the database of proteolytic enzymes, their substrates and inhibitors","volume":"42","author":"Rawlings","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01091-2","article-title":"Population genomics confirms acquisition of drug-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus infection by humans from the environment","volume":"7","author":"Rhodes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.3390\/jof10040266","article-title":"A timeline of biosynthetic gene cluster discovery in aspergillus fumigatus: from characterization to future perspectives","volume":"10","author":"Seo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Fungi"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2021.1882713","article-title":"Advances in therapeutic and managemental approaches of bovine mastitis: a comprehensive review","volume":"41","author":"Sharun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Veterinary Q."},{"key":"B51","volume-title":"Standard Operating Procedures for Fungal Identification and Detection of Antifungal Resistance","year":"2019"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btn013","article-title":"Using native and syntenically mapped cDNA alignments to improve de novo gene finding","volume":"24","author":"Stanke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.120.303549","article-title":"Variation among biosynthetic gene clusters, secondary metabolite profiles, and cards of virulence across aspergillus species","volume":"216","author":"Steenwyk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02657-20","article-title":"Identification of novel mutations contributing to Azole tolerance of Aspergillus fumigatus through in vitro exposure to tebuconazole","author":"Toyotome","year":"2021"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.3390\/dairy3020021","article-title":"Influence of post-milking treatment on microbial diversity on the cow teat skin and in milk","volume":"3","author":"Verdier-Metz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dairy"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2015.08.001","article-title":"International expert opinion on the management of infection caused by azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus","author":"Verweij","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Resist. Updat"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2014.01.003","article-title":"Real-time PCR detection of fraudulent addition of bovine milk to caprine and ovine milk","volume":"41","author":"Volk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"B58","volume-title":"WHO Fungal Priority Pathogens List to Guide Research, Development and Public Health Action","year":"2022"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W445","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks479","article-title":"DbCAN: a web resource for automated carbohydrate-active enzyme annotation","volume":"40","author":"Yin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1928624\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:00:12Z","timestamp":1790748012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1928624\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1928624"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1928624","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"article-number":"1928624"}}