{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T06:25:29Z","timestamp":1787034329990,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fruit residues generated across the global food supply chain constitute a rapidly growing, biologically reactive waste stream that, when left unmanaged, degrades environmental and agricultural quality, whereas controlled microbial fermentation offers a practical means of transforming this waste into stabilized, biologically active soil amendments. This review synthesizes evidence from field trials, greenhouse experiments, and microbiome studies published between 2009 and 2025 to evaluate the agronomic and microbiome-level effects of fermented fruit waste (FFW) as a soil amendment within circular waste-management frameworks. FFW application has been associated with increases in soil organic carbon of 12\u201324%, microbial biomass carbon of 38\u201364%, and plant biomass accumulation of 15\u201335% relative to unamended controls, with the magnitude of these effects varying substantially across studies according to feedstock composition, soil type, crop species, and fermentation method, rather than reflecting a single generalisable effect size. At the rhizosphere level, fermentation-derived substrates selectively recruit plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria and phosphorus-solubilizing taxa, enhancing nutrient-use efficiency and microbial network resilience. These findings indicate that FFW functions not merely as a recycled nutrient input but as a biologically transformed amendment that actively restructures soil microbial communities and reinforces plant\u2013soil feedback networks, while practical constraints such as phytotoxicity, salinity accumulation, pathogen survival, and feedstock contamination require evidence-based mitigation. However, standardized fermentation protocols, quantitative process-parameter thresholds, and long-term field validation remain limited, underscoring the need for future research integrating process optimization with multi-site field trials to enable reliable, microbiome-guided FFW application at scale.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1928844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:38:03Z","timestamp":1787031483000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fermented fruit waste as a microbiome-active soil amendment: a review of field and greenhouse evidence (2009\u20132025)"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Nipapan","family":"Kanjana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University","place":["Hefei, China"]},{"name":"Center for Crop Pest Detection and Control, Anhui Agricultural University","place":["Hefei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenni","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University","place":["Hefei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aning","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismail","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Afaq","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Forestry, University of Canterbury","place":["Christchurch, New Zealand"]},{"name":"Proteins and Metabolites Team, Bioeconomy Science Institute, AgResearch Group","place":["Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiprada","family":"Poonsawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Innovative Botany, Department of Science and Bioinnovation, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus","place":["Nakhon Pathom, Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.08.01.454634","article-title":"Microbial transformation of traditional fermented fertilizer bokashi alters chemical composition and improves plant growth","author":"Abo-Sido","year":"2021","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eja.2012.06.001","article-title":"Agricultural use of digestates and organic residues: effects on soil and plants","volume":"32","author":"Alburquerque","year":"2012","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2019.05.017","article-title":"A critical review of organic manure biorefinery models toward sustainable circular bioeconomy: technological challenges, advancements, innovations, and future perspectives","volume":"111","author":"Awasthi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Renew. 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