{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T06:12:24Z","timestamp":1788502344895,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neurosyphilis (NS) diagnosis is challenging due to the cerebrospinal fluid-Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (CSF-VDRL) assay has limited sensitivity, whereas CSF abnormalities lack sufficient specificity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To identify novel CSF peptide biomarkers for NS, we performed comparative peptidomic analysis of CSF samples from 51 individuals across four groups: NS, syphilis\/non-NS (NNS), infectious brain diseases without syphilis (IBD), and non-infectious brain disorders without syphilis (NIBD). Peptides were profiled by high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS). Bioinformatic analysis and machine learning identified candidate biomarkers, validated by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) in an independent cohort (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 23).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 4,738 peptides were identified. The insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2)-derived peptide GHVLAKELE showed strong discriminative performance: area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.914 (NS vs. NNS), 0.964 (NS vs. IBD), and 0.878 (NS vs. NIBD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This first systematic CSF peptidomic characterization of neurosyphilis identifies GHVLAKELE as a promising diagnostic biomarker.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1931675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T05:28:35Z","timestamp":1788499715000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["CSF peptidomics reveals an IGF2-derived peptide as a candidate biomarker for neurosyphilis 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