{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:49:24Z","timestamp":1791355764859,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    is an important reservoir and disseminator of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. Multidrug-resistant lineages, particularly extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and carbapenem-resistant strains, represent an important public health threat. This study characterized antimicrobial resistance and genomic diversity of\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    across One Health compartments in Belgium and investigated genomic relatedness within and across sectors. Between 2019 and 2022, 888 presumptive\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were collected from diseased animals (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f=\u202f311), wastewater (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f=\u202f299), the food chain (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f=\u202f178), and human clinical samples (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f=\u202f100). Following selection based on isolation source and AMR characteristics, 286 WGS-confirmed\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were characterized for AMR and virulence determinants, plasmid replicons, population structure, and phylogenomic relatedness. Phenotypic and genotypic resistance showed high concordance for third-generation cephalosporins (93.4%) and carbapenems (89.2%). Carbapenemase genes encoding KPC, NDM, OXA-48-like, and VIM enzymes were detected in 67 isolates from humans (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f=\u202f56) and wastewater (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f=\u202f11), but not in food-chain or diseased-animal isolates. Population structure was highly diverse, with ST307, ST15, ST147, and ST11 representing the most frequently detected high-risk lineages. Thirteen novel STs were identified in 18\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates. Seventeen genomic clusters were identified, including 13 within-sector and four cross-sector clusters. Notably, an ST147 cluster comprising two poultry-meat isolates and a human clinical isolate showed no SNP differences, indicating very close genomic relatedness across sectors. Overall, our findings demonstrate a genetically diverse\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    population alongside the circulation of clinically relevant high-risk lineages across One Health compartments and support integrated genomic surveillance to better understand their dissemination.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1933141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:50:09Z","timestamp":1791352209000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["One Health genomic surveillance of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Belgium demonstrates large genomic diversity, presence of ESBLs and carbapenemases and circulation of clones across sectors"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Hanne","family":"Debergh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service Foodborne Pathogens, Sciensano","place":["Brussels, Belgium"]},{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, University of Li\u00e8ge","place":["Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bert","family":"Bogaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano","place":["Brussels, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inge","family":"Van Damme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service Foodborne Pathogens, Sciensano","place":["Brussels, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Boland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Bacteriology Service, Sciensano","place":["Brussels, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Vanneste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano","place":["Brussels, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koenraad","family":"van Hoorde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service Foodborne Pathogens, Sciensano","place":["Brussels, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Bogaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Center for Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli, CHU UCL Namur","place":["Yvoir, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Te-Din","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Center for Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli, CHU UCL Namur","place":["Yvoir, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Saulmont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association R\u00e9gionale de Sant\u00e9 et d\u2019Identification Animales","place":["Ciney, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Botteldoorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Care Flanders","place":["Lier, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Saegerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, University of Li\u00e8ge","place":["Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Garcia-Graells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service Foodborne Pathogens, Sciensano","place":["Brussels, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.12296","article-title":"First case report of non-human primates (Alouatta clamitans) with the hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype K1 strain ST 23: A possible emerging wildlife pathogen","volume":"46","author":"Anzai","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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Infect."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4188","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24448-3","article-title":"A genomic surveillance framework and genotyping tool for Klebsiella pneumoniae and its related species complex","volume":"12","author":"Lam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-018-0587-5","article-title":"Tracking key virulence loci encoding aerobactin and salmochelin siderophore synthesis in Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"10","author":"Lam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1923","article-title":"Fast gapped-read alignment with bowtie 2","volume":"9","author":"Langmead","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. 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